Bharatanatyam

Definition

Bharatanatyam is a classical Indian dance form originating from Tamil Nadu, known for its fixed upper torso, bent legs, intricate footwork, and expressive hand gestures (mudras). This dance not only serves as a means of artistic expression but also has deep cultural and spiritual significance, often portraying stories from Hindu mythology through a combination of dance, music, and storytelling.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bharatanatyam has ancient roots, with its origins tracing back over 2,000 years, and it was initially performed by Devadasis, temple dancers dedicated to worship.
2. The dance form is characterized by its distinct combination of 'Bha' (bhava - emotion), 'Ra' (raga - melody), and 'Ta' (tala - rhythm), which are essential components in creating a complete performance.
3. Bharatanatyam was largely redefined in the 20th century by notable figures like Rukmini Devi Arundale, who transformed it from a temple art into a respected stage performance.
4. The performance attire typically includes a richly decorated sari or costume that reflects the dancer's cultural heritage, often adorned with intricate jewelry and flowers.
5. Today, bharatanatyam is performed globally, representing not only Indian culture but also bridging connections through collaborations with other dance forms and art traditions.

Review Questions

• How does bharatanatyam incorporate elements of storytelling and emotion through its movements?
  • Bharatanatyam utilizes various elements such as mudras (hand gestures) and abhinaya (expressive movements) to convey complex stories and emotions. Dancers express narratives from Hindu mythology or personal experiences through precise body language, facial expressions, and rhythmic footwork. The combination of these elements allows performers to connect deeply with the audience while communicating the underlying themes of the stories being told.
• What role did Rukmini Devi Arundale play in the transformation of bharatanatyam in the 20th century?
  • Rukmini Devi Arundale was instrumental in revitalizing bharatanatyam by elevating it from a temple-based performance associated with courtesans to a respected classical art form suitable for public stages. She emphasized its spiritual roots while also adapting its presentation to modern audiences. Her efforts included establishing institutions for teaching bharatanatyam and promoting performances that showcased its rich tradition and cultural significance.
• Evaluate how bharatanatyam reflects the socio-cultural context of India and its evolution in contemporary society.
  • Bharatanatyam serves as a reflection of India's rich cultural heritage, embodying traditional values and spiritual beliefs while also adapting to modern influences. As it evolved, the dance form has become a symbol of identity for many Indian artists worldwide, bridging cultural gaps through performances that resonate with global audiences. This adaptability showcases how bharatanatyam continues to thrive by integrating contemporary themes while preserving its classical roots, thus fostering a deeper understanding of Indian culture across diverse platforms.

Related terms

Mudras: Hand gestures used in bharatanatyam to convey specific meanings and emotions during the dance.

Abhinaya: The art of expression in Indian dance, focusing on conveying emotions and storytelling through facial expressions and body movements.

Natya Shastra: An ancient Indian treatise on performing arts, including dance and drama, that provides guidelines for the theory and practice of bharatanatyam.