Bharatanatyam

Definition

Bharatanatyam is a classical Indian dance form originating from Tamil Nadu, characterized by intricate footwork, expressive hand gestures (mudras), and storytelling through facial expressions. This dance is not only an art form but also a spiritual practice deeply connected to the Bhakti traditions, which emphasize devotion and personal connection to the divine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bharatanatyam has roots in the ancient temples of South India, where it was performed by Devadasis, women dedicated to temple service.
2. The dance form integrates three key elements: 'Bha' for Bhava (emotion), 'Ra' for Raga (melody), and 'Ta' for Tala (rhythm), creating a holistic artistic experience.
3. Bharatanatyam often narrates stories from Hindu mythology, particularly focusing on themes of devotion and love towards deities like Krishna and Shiva.
4. The revival of Bharatanatyam in the 20th century transformed it into a respected performance art, moving from temple stages to concert halls.
5. Performers often wear traditional attire adorned with intricate jewelry, which not only enhances their appearance but also contributes to the visual storytelling aspect of the dance.

Review Questions

• How does bharatanatyam reflect the philosophical foundations of Bhakti traditions?
  • Bharatanatyam embodies the essence of Bhakti traditions by expressing deep devotion and personal connection to deities through its movements and narratives. The dance communicates stories of divine love and grace, inviting both performers and audiences into a space of spiritual reflection. Through intricate footwork and expressive gestures, bharatanatyam conveys emotions tied to devotion, making it a powerful medium for engaging with the divine.
• Discuss the historical evolution of bharatanatyam and its relationship with temple worship and the Bhakti movement.
  • Historically, bharatanatyam was performed in temples by Devadasis as part of religious rituals, linking it closely with temple worship. The Bhakti movement's emphasis on personal devotion to deities influenced the themes portrayed in bharatanatyam performances, focusing on emotional expressions of love and reverence. The dance form saw a revival in the 20th century when it transitioned from sacred spaces to public performances, but it still retained its devotional essence rooted in Bhakti philosophy.
• Evaluate how bharatanatyam serves as both an artistic expression and a vehicle for spiritual devotion within Indian culture.
  • Bharatanatyam serves as a unique intersection of art and spirituality, allowing performers to express complex emotions while engaging deeply with their religious beliefs. As an artistic expression, it showcases the rich cultural heritage of India through its choreography and music. Simultaneously, it functions as a vehicle for spiritual devotion by enabling practitioners to communicate their devotion and connect with the divine. This duality enhances its significance within Indian culture, making bharatanatyam not only a performance art but also a meaningful practice that fosters spiritual growth.

Related terms

Bhakti: A spiritual path in Hinduism focused on personal devotion to a deity, emphasizing love and devotion over ritual and doctrine.

Mudras: Symbolic hand gestures used in Indian classical dance and religious rituals that convey specific meanings and enhance storytelling.

Natya Shastra: An ancient Indian treatise on performing arts, which includes detailed descriptions of dance, drama, and music, serving as the foundational text for Bharatanatyam.