Bharatanatyam

Definition

Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance forms of India, originating from Tamil Nadu, and is characterized by its intricate footwork, expressive hand gestures (mudras), and storytelling through dance. This art form is deeply rooted in Hindu religious and cultural traditions, often incorporating themes from mythology and spirituality, connecting it to the broader influence of the Gita on Indian philosophy and culture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bharatanatyam was traditionally performed by Devadasis, women dedicated to temple service, and was integral to the worship rituals in South Indian temples.
2. The dance form incorporates elements of expression (abhinaya), rhythm (tala), and melody (raga), making it a holistic form of artistic expression.
3. In the early 20th century, Bharatanatyam underwent a revival that transformed it from a temple dance into a respected stage art form, influenced by cultural figures such as Rukmini Devi Arundale.
4. The themes depicted in Bharatanatyam often reflect stories from Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata, aligning with the philosophical teachings found in the Gita.
5. Bharatanatyam has influenced modern Indian cinema and popular culture, showcasing its adaptability while still preserving traditional elements.

Review Questions

• How does Bharatanatyam reflect the philosophical teachings found in the Gita?
  • Bharatanatyam embodies the philosophical teachings of the Gita through its storytelling and themes, often portraying characters and narratives that emphasize concepts like duty (dharma) and devotion (bhakti). The dance's expressions convey deeper spiritual meanings aligned with the Gita's focus on self-realization and righteousness. Through its movements and stories, Bharatanatyam serves as a means to engage with these philosophical ideals artistically.
• In what ways did the revival of Bharatanatyam in the 20th century impact its status in Indian culture?
  • The revival of Bharatanatyam transformed it from a temple-based performance into a highly respected art form suitable for stage presentations. Cultural leaders like Rukmini Devi Arundale played a crucial role in this transformation by promoting its aesthetics and creating educational institutions. This change elevated Bharatanatyam's status within Indian culture, allowing it to become an expression of national identity while maintaining its deep roots in spiritual tradition.
• Evaluate the significance of Bharatanatyam in contemporary Indian society in relation to traditional philosophies like those presented in the Gita.
  • Bharatanatyam holds significant relevance in contemporary Indian society by bridging traditional philosophies with modern expressions of identity. Its incorporation of themes from texts like the Gita allows performers to engage with timeless moral dilemmas while appealing to contemporary audiences. This connection not only keeps the philosophy alive but also fosters a cultural dialogue that addresses current social issues through artistic expression, demonstrating how ancient wisdom can inform present realities.

Related terms

Natya Shastra: An ancient Indian treatise on performing arts, attributed to the sage Bharata Muni, which outlines the principles of drama, music, and dance.

Mudra: Hand gestures used in Bharatanatyam and other classical Indian dance forms to convey specific meanings or emotions.

Bhakti: A devotional movement within Hinduism that emphasizes love and devotion to a personal god, often expressed through art, music, and dance.