Capability approach

Definition

The capability approach is a theoretical framework that emphasizes individuals' abilities to achieve well-being and exercise their freedom in making choices. It focuses on what people are actually able to do and to be, rather than merely on resources or utilities, thus highlighting the importance of personal agency in the pursuit of a fulfilling life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capability approach was primarily developed by economist Amartya Sen as a critique of traditional welfare economics, which often focuses solely on income or utility.
2. It highlights the significance of social and economic factors in determining individuals' capabilities, including education, health care access, and social norms.
3. This approach encourages policymakers to focus on enhancing people's capabilities rather than just providing resources, leading to more effective educational and social policies.
4. The capability approach has been widely applied beyond economics, influencing fields such as education, development studies, and social policy.
5. A key aspect of the capability approach is its emphasis on individual agency; it advocates for empowering individuals to make choices that shape their own lives.

Review Questions

• How does the capability approach differ from traditional economic models in assessing individual well-being?
  • The capability approach differs from traditional economic models by focusing on what individuals are actually able to do and be, rather than merely looking at income or resources. While traditional models may prioritize utility or financial measures, the capability approach emphasizes personal agency and the various functionings that contribute to well-being. This shift leads to a more comprehensive understanding of well-being that incorporates social and environmental factors affecting individuals' abilities to thrive.
• Discuss the implications of the capability approach for educational policies aimed at promoting equality.
  • The capability approach has significant implications for educational policies because it shifts the focus from equal access to education alone towards ensuring that all individuals have the capabilities necessary to benefit from that education. This means recognizing barriers such as socioeconomic status, disability, and cultural differences that may hinder students' abilities to succeed. By prioritizing the enhancement of capabilities, educational policies can be designed to provide targeted support and resources that empower all students to achieve their potential.
• Evaluate how the capability approach can be integrated into a broader framework for promoting social justice in education.
  • Integrating the capability approach into a broader framework for promoting social justice in education involves recognizing that true equity goes beyond equal resources; it requires addressing disparities in capabilities. This means implementing policies that not only provide access but also consider individual circumstances and barriers that affect students’ abilities to learn and thrive. By focusing on enhancing capabilities—such as critical thinking, creativity, and emotional resilience—educational systems can foster an environment where all students are empowered to pursue their goals effectively, thereby contributing to a more just society.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings refer to the various things a person may value doing or being, such as being healthy, educated, or having a good job.

Sen's Development as Freedom: A work by economist Amartya Sen, which connects development with the expansion of capabilities and freedom, emphasizing that development should enhance people's ability to lead lives they have reason to value.

Social Justice: A concept concerning the fair distribution of resources and opportunities within society, often linked to the capabilities individuals have to pursue their goals.