Capability approach

Definition

The capability approach is a theoretical framework that focuses on individuals' abilities to achieve valuable functionings and well-being, rather than merely on resources or utility. It emphasizes the importance of freedom and opportunity, asserting that development should enhance people's capabilities to lead lives they have reason to value. This perspective connects closely with international law and human rights by advocating for social justice and the enhancement of human capabilities as a means to ensure equitable access to rights and opportunities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capability approach was popularized by economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s as a way to assess human development beyond traditional economic indicators.
2. This approach emphasizes individual agency, asserting that people should have the freedom to choose their paths in life based on their capabilities.
3. It connects to human rights by framing the realization of rights as not only about legal entitlements but also about ensuring people have the means to achieve them.
4. The capability approach can inform policy-making by guiding efforts to remove barriers that limit individuals' abilities to exercise their rights and freedoms.
5. It has influenced various fields, including development economics, welfare studies, and human rights advocacy, promoting a more holistic understanding of progress.

Review Questions

• How does the capability approach redefine our understanding of development in relation to individual empowerment?
  • The capability approach shifts the focus of development from solely economic growth to enhancing individual empowerment by promoting personal freedoms and opportunities. It emphasizes that true development occurs when individuals can achieve valuable functionings—such as health, education, and participation in society—rather than simply accumulating resources. This perspective challenges traditional metrics of success and suggests that improving people's capabilities is essential for sustainable and inclusive progress.
• Discuss how the capability approach aligns with principles of international law and human rights in promoting social equity.
  • The capability approach aligns with international law and human rights by advocating for social equity through the enhancement of individual capabilities. It posits that every person should have access to the essential means needed to realize their rights fully. This alignment stresses that legal frameworks must not only exist but also be effective in enabling people to overcome barriers related to poverty, discrimination, or lack of education, thus ensuring all individuals can exercise their rights meaningfully.
• Evaluate the impact of implementing the capability approach on global policies aimed at reducing poverty and promoting human rights.
  • Implementing the capability approach can significantly impact global policies aimed at reducing poverty and promoting human rights by prioritizing human-centered development strategies. By focusing on enhancing capabilities rather than just providing financial aid, policies become more effective in addressing the root causes of poverty. This shift encourages comprehensive programs that empower marginalized communities, promote education, health care access, and social inclusion. Ultimately, this can lead to more sustainable improvements in living standards while reinforcing respect for human rights across diverse cultural contexts.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings refer to the various states of being and doing that individuals can achieve, such as being healthy, educated, or participating in community life.

Well-being: Well-being encompasses the overall quality of life and fulfillment an individual experiences, which can be influenced by their capabilities and functionings.

Social Justice: Social justice is the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities, which the capability approach seeks to promote.