Achilles

Definition

Achilles is a legendary hero of Greek mythology and a central character in Homer's epic poem, the Iliad. Known for his unmatched strength, bravery, and tragic fate, Achilles embodies the ideals of a Greek warrior while also showcasing the vulnerabilities of human nature. His story highlights themes of glory, wrath, and mortality, making him a pivotal figure in classical epic traditions and an enduring symbol in English literature's exploration of Greek mythology.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles was the son of Peleus and Thetis, and his mother attempted to make him invulnerable by dipping him in the River Styx, leaving his heel unprotected.
2. His main conflict in the Iliad arises from a quarrel with Agamemnon, leading to his withdrawal from battle and the consequences that follow for both the Greeks and Trojans.
3. Achilles is famous for his extraordinary feats of combat, including killing Hector in revenge for the death of his close friend Patroclus.
4. The Iliad portrays Achilles not just as a warrior but also as a complex character who grapples with themes of honor, rage, and grief throughout the narrative.
5. His story is often interpreted as a commentary on the nature of heroism, emphasizing both the glory and the inevitable tragedy that accompanies it.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles' character illustrate the themes of honor and wrath within the context of classical epic traditions?
  • Achilles embodies the heroic ideals prevalent in classical epics through his pursuit of honor and reputation on the battlefield. His wrath towards Agamemnon after feeling dishonored leads to dire consequences for both himself and his comrades. This conflict emphasizes how personal pride and emotions can influence one's actions and fate within epic narratives, illustrating the tension between individual desires and communal responsibilities.
• Discuss the significance of Achilles' relationship with Thetis in shaping his destiny throughout the Iliad.
  • Achilles' relationship with his mother, Thetis, plays a crucial role in shaping his destiny. As a divine figure, Thetis possesses knowledge of her son's fate, leading her to intervene on multiple occasions throughout the Iliad. Her attempts to protect Achilles by appealing to Zeus highlight not only her maternal instincts but also illuminate themes of fate versus free will, as Achilles ultimately must confront his own choices in light of what is destined for him.
• Evaluate how Achilles' journey reflects broader themes of mortality and heroism within Greek mythology and English literature.
  • Achilles' journey serves as a powerful reflection on mortality and heroism by showcasing both his extraordinary capabilities as a warrior and his tragic vulnerabilities. His unmatched prowess in battle contrasts sharply with his eventual death, underscoring the fleeting nature of glory. This duality resonates deeply within Greek mythology and later English literature, where heroes often grapple with their legacies while facing inevitable mortality, prompting readers to contemplate the complexities of human existence and the true meaning of heroism.

Related terms

Hector: Hector is a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy in the Iliad, known for his honor and bravery in battle against the Greeks.

Thetis: Thetis is Achilles' mother, a sea nymph who plays a significant role in his life and destiny, particularly in influencing his choices during the Trojan War.

Achilles' Heel: Achilles' heel refers to his only vulnerable spot, which ultimately leads to his downfall; it symbolizes a critical weakness despite overall strength.