Achilles

Definition

Achilles is a legendary hero of Greek mythology, known for his unparalleled strength and martial prowess, especially during the Trojan War. His story embodies themes of glory, fate, and the complexities of human emotions, making him a central figure in epic tales associated with significant events and divine influences.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles was born to the mortal king Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis, who dipped him in the River Styx to make him invulnerable, except for his heel, leading to the term 'Achilles' heel.'
2. His wrath is a central theme in The Iliad, showcasing his conflict with Agamemnon over war prizes and highlighting his struggle between personal honor and loyalty.
3. Achilles plays a pivotal role in key battles during the Trojan War, including the slaying of Hector, which is one of the most famous episodes in Greek mythology.
4. Despite his martial prowess, Achilles has a complex personality marked by intense emotions such as rage, grief, and a search for identity beyond mere heroism.
5. The myth of Achilles illustrates the concept of fate versus free will; while he is destined for glory, his choices lead to tragic consequences for himself and those he loves.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles' character reflect the themes of honor and pride within the context of Greek heroism?
  • Achilles embodies the ideals of Greek heroism through his extraordinary strength and martial skills. His pride often clashes with societal expectations, especially when he feels disrespected by Agamemnon over war prizes. This conflict showcases how deeply honor influences Achilles' actions and decisions throughout The Iliad, highlighting the heroic code that defines many characters in Greek mythology.
• Analyze the impact of Patroclus' death on Achilles' motivations and actions during the Trojan War.
  • Patroclus' death serves as a critical turning point for Achilles, igniting his fury against Hector and driving him back into battle after initially withdrawing. This event not only highlights their close bond but also transforms Achilles from a conflicted warrior into an avenger seeking retribution. It demonstrates how personal loss profoundly shapes his motivations and leads to significant consequences in the ongoing conflict of the Trojan War.
• Evaluate the significance of Achilles' choice between a long life of obscurity and a short life filled with glory, considering its implications for Greek notions of heroism.
  • Achilles' choice represents a fundamental aspect of Greek heroism that prioritizes glory over longevity. His decision to embrace a brief but glorious life underscores the cultural values that celebrate fame and valor. This choice not only elevates him to legendary status but also invites reflection on the costs of such a pursuit—ultimately leading to his tragic fate. Through this narrative, Greek mythology invites audiences to ponder the true meaning of heroism and the sacrifices it demands.

Related terms

The Iliad: An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer that chronicles the events of the Trojan War, focusing significantly on Achilles' rage and its consequences.

Patroclus: Achilles' closest companion whose death ignites Achilles' desire for revenge against Hector, significantly impacting the course of the Trojan War.

Hector: The Trojan prince and greatest warrior of Troy, known for his fateful duel with Achilles, which symbolizes the clash between Greek and Trojan heroes.