Conventional implicature

Definition

Conventional implicature refers to the aspects of meaning that are implied by the use of certain expressions or phrases, independent of the context in which they are uttered. This type of implicature is tied closely to the conventional meanings of words and phrases, as opposed to conversational implicature, which relies on context and speaker intentions. Conventional implicatures often help convey additional information, nuances, or presuppositions that are not explicitly stated but are understood in communication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conventional implicatures are often associated with specific words or phrases, such as 'but', 'even', and 'also', which carry additional implications beyond their literal meanings.
2. Unlike conversational implicature, conventional implicatures do not depend on the context of utterance; they remain constant regardless of how or where they are used.
3. The distinction between conventional and conversational implicatures is significant in understanding how meaning is constructed in language.
4. Conventional implicatures can lead to misunderstandings if speakers do not share the same knowledge about the conventional meanings of expressions.
5. In some cases, conventional implicatures can influence the interpretation of statements in legal or formal contexts, where precise meanings are crucial.

Review Questions

• How does conventional implicature differ from conversational implicature in terms of meaning construction?
  • Conventional implicature differs from conversational implicature primarily in that it relies on the inherent meanings of specific expressions rather than contextual factors. While conversational implicature requires understanding speaker intentions and situational contexts to derive implied meanings, conventional implicature conveys its implications consistently through particular words or phrases. This distinction highlights how both types of implicature contribute to our overall understanding of language and communication.
• What role do conventional implicatures play in speech acts and how can they affect communication?
  • Conventional implicatures play a crucial role in speech acts by providing additional layers of meaning that enhance the speaker's message. For example, using 'but' in a sentence not only presents contrasting information but also implies an underlying concession. This can significantly affect communication by influencing how listeners interpret intent and nuance. If listeners misinterpret these conventional implications, it may lead to confusion or misunderstanding about the speaker's actual message.
• Evaluate the implications of misunderstanding conventional implicatures in formal contexts such as legal settings.
  • Misunderstanding conventional implicatures in formal contexts like legal settings can have serious consequences, including misinterpretation of contracts or legal obligations. For instance, if a phrase with a conventional implicature is interpreted literally without recognizing its implied meaning, it could lead to disputes over intent and enforceability. Legal professionals must be aware of both conventional and conversational implicatures to ensure clarity and precision in communication, thereby preventing costly misunderstandings and fostering more effective legal agreements.

Related terms

Conversational implicature: A type of implicature that arises from the context of a conversation and the intentions of the speakers, rather than the literal meaning of the words used.

Presupposition: Information that is assumed to be true or taken for granted in a conversation, which can affect the interpretation of what is being said.

Speech acts: Communicative actions that speakers perform through language, such as making requests, giving orders, or making promises, often involving implicatures.