Conventional implicature

Definition

Conventional implicature refers to the meaning that is conveyed by specific words or phrases in a sentence, which is separate from the literal meaning of those words. This type of implicature relies on shared cultural understandings and conventions in language, helping speakers communicate additional meanings that aren't explicitly stated. Understanding conventional implicature is crucial for grasping how meaning is constructed in communication, particularly in relation to speech acts and the subtleties of conversational exchanges.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conventional implicature is closely tied to specific words like 'but', 'even', and 'only', which add layers of meaning that listeners infer based on their understanding of language conventions.
2. Unlike conversational implicature, which can vary with context, conventional implicature remains relatively stable across different contexts due to its reliance on fixed linguistic conventions.
3. Understanding conventional implicature is important for interpreting indirect speech acts, where a speaker's intention goes beyond the literal meaning of their words.
4. In pragmatic theory, conventional implicatures are seen as part of a speaker's communicative competence, allowing them to convey complex meanings succinctly.
5. Different cultures may have different conventional implicatures associated with specific phrases or contexts, which can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication.

Review Questions

• How does conventional implicature differ from conversational implicature in terms of meaning construction?
  • Conventional implicature differs from conversational implicature primarily in its reliance on fixed linguistic conventions rather than context. While conventional implicature is linked to specific words or phrases that inherently carry additional meaning, conversational implicature depends heavily on the context of the conversation and the relationship between speaker and listener. Understanding both types helps clarify how speakers can convey nuanced meanings and intentions beyond the literal content of their statements.
• In what ways do speech acts utilize conventional implicature to enhance communication?
  • Speech acts often leverage conventional implicature by using certain phrases that imply additional meanings or intentions beyond their direct interpretations. For example, when someone says, 'Can you pass the salt?' it is understood not just as a question but as a polite request. By utilizing conventional implicatures, speakers can perform actions through their utterances while maintaining social norms and politeness strategies, making interactions smoother and more effective.
• Evaluate the significance of conventional implicature in cross-cultural communication and potential challenges it poses.
  • Conventional implicature plays a significant role in cross-cultural communication by providing a framework for understanding implied meanings within different languages and cultures. However, challenges arise when speakers from different backgrounds interpret the same words or phrases differently due to varying cultural conventions. This can lead to miscommunication or misunderstanding if one party does not recognize the intended implicature. Thus, being aware of these differences is crucial for effective communication and reducing ambiguity in intercultural exchanges.

Related terms

Conversational implicature: A type of implicature that arises from the context of a conversation, where the speaker's intention and the listener's interpretation play key roles in deriving meaning.

Speech acts: Actions performed through speaking, where utterances can not only convey information but also perform actions such as making requests, giving orders, or making promises.

Presupposition: An assumption made by the speaker that the listener accepts as true without requiring further evidence; these assumptions are often taken for granted in conversations.