Summa Theologica

Definition

The Summa Theologica is a comprehensive theological work written by St. Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, designed to explain the Christian faith and philosophy. It systematically addresses various theological questions and doctrines, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, thus influencing later critiques and interpretations of Plato's philosophy, especially in the realm of metaphysics and ethics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Summa Theologica is divided into three main parts: God, Man, and Christ, addressing fundamental questions about existence, morality, and salvation.
2. Aquinas uses a question-and-answer format known as 'disputed questions,' allowing for thorough exploration of each topic by considering opposing viewpoints.
3. The work emphasizes the compatibility of faith and reason, arguing that human reason can lead to knowledge about God and moral truths.
4. Aquinas's synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology has significantly shaped Christian thought and influenced later theologians' interpretations of Plato.
5. The Summa Theologica remains one of the most important texts in Western philosophy and theology, often studied in relation to critiques of Platonic ideals.

Review Questions

• How does the Summa Theologica integrate Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, particularly in its critique of Platonic ideas?
  • The Summa Theologica integrates Aristotelian philosophy by adopting its principles of natural law and ethics while interpreting them through a Christian lens. Aquinas critiques Platonic ideals by emphasizing empirical observation and the belief that ultimate truths can be known through both faith and reason. This approach allows for a more practical understanding of virtue and morality, challenging the abstract nature of Platonic forms.
• In what ways does the structure of the Summa Theologica facilitate a comprehensive understanding of theological concepts?
  • The structure of the Summa Theologica facilitates understanding by employing a systematic question-and-answer format. Each question is presented with objections, responses from Aquinas, and counter-arguments. This method encourages critical thinking and helps readers navigate complex theological concepts while also allowing Aquinas to address potential misunderstandings or objections to his viewpoints.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of the Summa Theologica on modern philosophical thought regarding Plato's metaphysics.
  • The lasting impact of the Summa Theologica on modern philosophical thought is profound, particularly regarding Plato's metaphysics. Aquinas's integration of faith with reason laid groundwork for later thinkers who sought to reconcile classical philosophy with religious beliefs. His critiques encouraged a shift from abstract idealism toward a more grounded understanding of reality, influencing contemporary discussions on morality, existence, and the nature of knowledge. As a result, Aquinas's work remains essential for understanding both Christian theology and philosophical debates about Plato's ideas.

Related terms

Natural Law: A theory in moral and legal philosophy that posits that certain rights or values are inherent in human nature and can be understood through reason.

Scholasticism: A medieval school of thought that sought to reconcile faith and reason, emphasizing rigorous dialectical reasoning to understand theological and philosophical concepts.

Aristotelianism: A philosophical tradition based on the ideas and writings of Aristotle, particularly regarding ethics, metaphysics, and natural sciences.