Summa theologica

Definition

The 'summa theologica' is a comprehensive theological work by Thomas Aquinas, written in the 13th century, which aims to provide a systematic account of Christian theology and philosophy. This influential text serves as a cornerstone of Scholasticism, combining Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine to explore fundamental questions about God, morality, and human nature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 'summa theologica' is divided into three main parts: the first addresses the existence and nature of God, the second discusses morality and human actions, and the third focuses on Christ and the sacraments.
2. Aquinas uses a question-and-answer format in the 'summa,' presenting objections followed by his own responses, which encourages critical thinking and debate.
3. The work was intended as a teaching tool for students in theology and has had a lasting impact on Catholic education and doctrine.
4. Aquinas emphasizes the compatibility of faith and reason throughout the 'summa,' arguing that both can lead to a deeper understanding of divine truths.
5. Despite its theological focus, the 'summa theologica' also addresses philosophical topics, making it a significant text for both theologians and philosophers.

Review Questions

• How does Aquinas structure his arguments in the 'summa theologica', and what is the significance of this structure?
  • Aquinas employs a unique question-and-answer format in the 'summa theologica', where he presents objections to his views before offering his own responses. This method not only showcases his understanding of opposing arguments but also encourages critical engagement from readers. The structure is significant as it mirrors the dialectical method of Scholasticism, emphasizing reasoned debate and systematic exploration of theological concepts.
• Discuss the role of Aristotelian philosophy in shaping Aquinas's arguments within the 'summa theologica'.
  • Aristotelian philosophy plays a crucial role in shaping Aquinas's arguments in the 'summa theologica', as Aquinas integrates Aristotle's concepts with Christian theology. He utilizes Aristotelian logic and ethics to articulate his views on God, morality, and human purpose. This synthesis allowed Aquinas to present a rational foundation for faith, making complex theological ideas more accessible while reinforcing the compatibility between reason and belief.
• Evaluate the lasting influence of the 'summa theologica' on modern theology and philosophy. What are some contemporary implications of Aquinas's work?
  • The 'summa theologica' has profoundly influenced modern theology and philosophy, laying foundational ideas for Catholic doctrine that continue to shape discussions on ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology. Its emphasis on the harmony between faith and reason remains relevant today, prompting contemporary debates about the relationship between science and religion. Additionally, Aquinas's moral framework influences modern ethical theories, making his work crucial for understanding current philosophical inquiries related to morality and human rights.

Related terms

Scholasticism: A medieval school of thought that sought to reconcile faith and reason, often using dialectical methods to analyze and debate theological issues.

Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas was a medieval philosopher and theologian whose works laid the foundation for much of modern Catholic thought, particularly through his integration of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology.

Theology: The study of the nature of God and religious belief, often involving critical analysis of religious texts and doctrines.