Deus ex machina

Definition

Deus ex machina is a literary device used in storytelling where an unexpected power or event suddenly resolves a seemingly unsolvable problem in a plot. This term originates from ancient Greek theater, where a god would be introduced into the play via a crane to settle conflicts and provide closure. It often serves as a means to untangle complex narratives but can also be viewed as a way to shortcut character development and plot progression.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Deus ex machina often appears at critical moments in a narrative to resolve conflicts that seem impossible to solve through normal means.
2. The use of this device can sometimes lead to criticism, as it may feel like an easy way out for writers, undermining character arcs and plot cohesion.
3. In contemporary storytelling, deus ex machina can take various forms, including characters, technologies, or unforeseen events that provide solutions.
4. Classic examples of deus ex machina can be found in works like Euripides' 'Medea' and Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', where divine intervention plays a key role.
5. While it can serve a purpose, effective use of deus ex machina requires careful consideration to maintain audience engagement and believability.

Review Questions

• How does deus ex machina influence the structure and resolution of dramatic works?
  • Deus ex machina plays a significant role in shaping the structure of dramatic works by providing unexpected resolutions that can either enhance or detract from the narrative. It can serve as a plot device that quickly resolves conflicts, allowing the story to reach its conclusion without the characters having to undergo significant growth or change. However, when used excessively or carelessly, it can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction among audiences, as it may undermine the buildup of tension and emotional investment throughout the story.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of employing deus ex machina in storytelling.
  • Employing deus ex machina can offer advantages such as providing swift resolutions to complex problems or introducing elements of surprise that engage audiences. However, its disadvantages include the potential for undermining character development and creating a sense of disbelief if the resolution feels unearned or contrived. Writers must strike a balance between maintaining narrative integrity while using this device effectively to enhance their storytelling without sacrificing depth.
• Evaluate how the perception of deus ex machina has evolved from ancient Greek theater to modern storytelling practices.
  • The perception of deus ex machina has evolved significantly from ancient Greek theater, where it was a common and accepted practice used to invoke divine intervention, to contemporary storytelling, where its use can provoke mixed reactions. In earlier works, audiences embraced it as part of theatrical conventions. In contrast, modern narratives often scrutinize its application due to increased audience expectations for coherent plot development and character growth. As such, while it remains a tool available for writers, its effectiveness hinges on thoughtful integration within the broader context of the story.

Related terms

Hamartia: A tragic flaw or error in judgment that leads to the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy.

Climax: The most intense, exciting, or important point of a story, where the main conflict reaches its peak.

Foreshadowing:

A literary technique used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story.