Deus ex machina

Definition

Deus ex machina is a literary device that refers to a plot mechanism where an unexpected event or character suddenly resolves a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story. This device often appears in ancient Greek theater, notably in works by playwrights like Euripides, who used it to address complex themes and moral dilemmas by introducing a divine or external force to save characters from dire circumstances.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Euripides frequently employed deus ex machina in his plays to provide resolutions that might seem improbable but offered a quick fix to complex situations.
2. This device can sometimes draw criticism for undermining character development by solving problems too conveniently without realistic buildup.
3. Deus ex machina reflects the evolving themes of Euripides, highlighting human vulnerability and the unpredictability of fate rather than reliance on divine intervention.
4. The use of this device can provoke discussions about morality and ethics, as it raises questions about responsibility and the consequences of characters' actions.
5. Although sometimes seen as a flaw, when used effectively, deus ex machina can enhance the emotional impact of a story and prompt deeper reflections on its themes.

Review Questions

• How does Euripides' use of deus ex machina differ from other playwrights of his time?
  • Euripides often used deus ex machina not just for simple resolutions but to challenge traditional notions of fate and divine will. Unlike some contemporaries who relied on gods to intervene, he showcased characters' complexities and moral dilemmas, using the device to provoke thought about human agency and vulnerability. This approach allowed him to highlight contemporary issues and emotional depth within his tragedies.
• Analyze how the implementation of deus ex machina impacts character development in Euripides' plays.
  • The implementation of deus ex machina can significantly influence character development in Euripides' plays by resolving conflicts abruptly. While this might sometimes diminish the characters’ growth arcs, it also serves to emphasize their struggles against fate or external forces. As characters confront seemingly insurmountable challenges, the sudden resolution prompts audiences to reflect on their journeys, complexities, and inherent vulnerabilities, adding layers to their portrayal.
• Evaluate the role of deus ex machina in shaping modern interpretations of tragedy and its thematic implications.
  • Deus ex machina has shaped modern interpretations of tragedy by serving as a lens through which audiences can examine themes of morality, justice, and human agency. In contemporary contexts, this device raises critical questions about accountability and the nature of resolution in narratives. Evaluating its role encourages a deeper analysis of how stories address complexities in human experience, ultimately influencing how we perceive conflict resolution in both literature and real life.

Related terms

Greek Tragedy: A genre of drama originating in ancient Greece that typically portrays human suffering and explores complex themes through tragic heroes and their downfalls.

Plot Twist: An unexpected change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot, often used to surprise the audience and add depth to the narrative.

Catharsis:

The emotional release or purification that the audience experiences through the unfolding of a tragedy, resulting from the protagonist's journey and suffering.