Deus ex machina

Definition

Deus ex machina refers to a plot device where an unexpected power or event saves a seemingly hopeless situation, often through the intervention of a divine being or an artificial contrivance. This term connects closely with the structure of Greek theatrical performance, where gods were sometimes introduced at the end of plays to resolve conflicts. It also plays a significant role in the innovations brought by Euripides, who frequently employed this device to challenge traditional narratives and engage audiences in unexpected ways.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Deus ex machina originated from the practice in Greek theatre where actors portraying gods would be lowered onto the stage using a crane, symbolizing divine intervention.
2. Euripides is known for subverting traditional uses of deus ex machina, often incorporating it in ways that prompted audiences to think critically about fate and human agency.
3. The use of deus ex machina can sometimes lead to criticism for resolving conflicts too easily or artificially, which might undermine character development.
4. While primarily associated with Greek theatre, the concept has persisted into modern storytelling across various media, including literature and film.
5. In the context of Greek performance, deus ex machina served not only as a plot resolution device but also reflected cultural beliefs in divine influence over human affairs.

Review Questions

• How does deus ex machina function within Greek tragedy, and what purpose does it serve in terms of plot resolution?
  • Deus ex machina serves as a crucial tool in Greek tragedy by providing unexpected resolutions to complex conflicts. In many plays, this device allows divine figures to intervene at critical moments, helping characters escape dire situations or imparting moral lessons. It emphasizes the unpredictable nature of fate and the influence of the gods in human affairs while also showcasing the playwright's ability to manipulate narrative outcomes.
• Discuss how Euripides redefined the use of deus ex machina compared to earlier playwrights in Greek theatre.
  • Euripides redefined deus ex machina by using it not just as a simple plot device but as a means to provoke deeper thought about human agency and moral dilemmas. Unlike his predecessors who used it mainly for convenient resolutions, Euripides often placed his characters in situations that challenged their choices and beliefs. This innovation encouraged audiences to question not only the narratives presented but also their own perceptions of fate and free will.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of deus ex machina on contemporary storytelling across various genres and its implications for character development.
  • The concept of deus ex machina has significantly impacted contemporary storytelling by introducing the idea of unexpected resolutions that can both enhance and undermine character development. In modern narratives, when used effectively, it can create surprising twists that keep audiences engaged; however, over-reliance on this device can lead to dissatisfaction among viewers who prefer well-developed characters facing realistic challenges. The tension between divine intervention and human effort continues to be a relevant theme that resonates through literature, film, and theater today.

Related terms

Greek Tragedy:

A form of theatre from ancient Greece that explored complex themes through dramatic storytelling, often featuring heroic characters facing moral dilemmas.

Chorus: A group of performers who comment on the action of the play, providing insight and reflection on the themes and emotions presented in the narrative.

Plot Structure: The organized framework of a story, which includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution, crucial for understanding dramatic storytelling.