Deus ex machina

Definition

Deus ex machina is a narrative device where an unexpected power or event saves a seemingly hopeless situation, often bringing a resolution to a conflict. This technique can appear contrived, as it introduces an element that was not previously established in the story, and is frequently used in literature and film to resolve complex plots swiftly. Its usage can evoke various responses from audiences, depending on how effectively it's integrated into the overall narrative.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The term originates from ancient Greek theatre, where actors playing gods would descend onto the stage using cranes, resolving conflicts for the characters.
2. Deus ex machina can be criticized for undermining character development since it may relieve characters of the consequences of their actions too easily.
3. Effective use of deus ex machina involves planting subtle hints throughout the narrative that prepare the audience for this unexpected resolution.
4. In modern storytelling, creators aim to avoid using deus ex machina as a way to ensure that resolutions feel earned and believable rather than arbitrary.
5. Some famous examples include the eagles in 'The Lord of the Rings' and the final twist in 'The Matrix', where external interventions resolve critical plot points.

Review Questions

• How does deus ex machina serve to influence audience perception of character development within a story?
  • Deus ex machina can significantly impact how audiences perceive character development because it can diminish the characters' agency and growth. When an external force resolves conflicts without characters taking meaningful actions or facing consequences, it can lead viewers to feel that the journey was less significant. Thus, while it can create dramatic tension or surprise, over-reliance on this device risks reducing characters to mere pawns in a larger narrative rather than fully realized individuals.
• Critique the effectiveness of deus ex machina in contemporary storytelling versus its use in ancient Greek theatre.
  • In ancient Greek theatre, deus ex machina was a common and accepted method to resolve complex stories quickly and effectively, aligning with audience expectations of divine intervention. However, in contemporary storytelling, its effectiveness has become contentious. Modern audiences often seek more nuanced resolutions that reflect character growth and plot consistency. If used carelessly today, it can come across as lazy writing rather than an ingenious twist, leading to viewer dissatisfaction and diminished investment in characters.
• Evaluate how successful integration of foreshadowing might transform a deus ex machina ending into a more satisfying conclusion.
  • Successful integration of foreshadowing can enhance a deus ex machina ending by creating a sense of inevitability rather than randomness. When subtle clues are woven throughout the narrative, they prepare the audience for an unexpected resolution that feels earned rather than forced. This approach allows for an impactful twist that aligns with character arcs and themes established earlier in the story, transforming what could have been perceived as a contrived ending into a thought-provoking conclusion that resonates with viewers.

Related terms

Plot twist: A sudden change in the expected direction or outcome of the plot, often surprising the audience.

Foreshadowing:

A literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story.

Character arc: The transformation or inner journey of a character over the course of a story, often involving change in personality, beliefs, or values.