Victorian Era

Definition

The Victorian Era refers to the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901 in Britain, characterized by significant industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military changes. This era is marked by strict social norms, moral values, and a distinct contrast between the affluent and the poor, deeply influencing literature, art, and theater during this time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Victorian Era saw a massive expansion of the British Empire, making it one of the largest empires in history, which greatly influenced global trade and culture.
2. Victorian society was characterized by a strict moral code, emphasizing virtues such as modesty and respectability, particularly for women.
3. Literature flourished during this time with prominent authors like Charles Dickens and the Brontë sisters addressing social issues through their works.
4. The invention of new technologies and the rise of industry led to urbanization, with many people moving from rural areas to cities in search of work.
5. The era laid the groundwork for modern social policies and movements, as various reformers emerged advocating for change and improvements in living conditions.

Review Questions

• How did the Industrial Revolution influence social structures during the Victorian Era?
  • The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed social structures during the Victorian Era by creating a new class system. The rise of factories led to the growth of the working class as many people moved to urban areas for jobs. This shift contributed to stark divisions between the affluent middle class and the impoverished working class, influencing social dynamics and leading to calls for reform and improvements in working conditions.
• In what ways did Victorian literature reflect the societal norms and issues of its time?
  • Victorian literature often mirrored the societal norms and issues of the era by addressing themes such as morality, class disparity, and gender roles. Authors like Charles Dickens highlighted social injustices faced by the poor, while works by female authors often critiqued the limited roles available to women. This literary movement served not only as entertainment but also as a commentary on contemporary society, challenging readers to reflect on their values.
• Evaluate how the Victorian Era's emphasis on moral values influenced both art and theater during this time.
  • The Victorian Era's emphasis on moral values heavily influenced both art and theater by promoting themes of propriety, virtue, and social responsibility. Artists were expected to adhere to strict standards that reflected these values in their works. Similarly, theater became a medium for moral instruction; plays often conveyed messages about morality and ethics. This emphasis shaped not only what was produced but also how audiences perceived art as a reflection of societal ideals.

Related terms

Industrial Revolution: A period of major industrialization from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, significantly affecting social and cultural aspects of life.

Romanticism: An artistic and literary movement that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and nature, serving as a counterpoint to the industrial changes of the Victorian Era.

Social Reform: A movement aimed at improving society through changes in laws and policies, addressing issues such as child labor, women's rights, and education during the Victorian Era.