Harriet Tubman

Definition

Harriet Tubman was an African American abolitionist and political activist born into slavery, who escaped and then made it her mission to lead hundreds of enslaved people to freedom via the Underground Railroad. Her courage and leadership not only advanced the anti-slavery movement but also highlighted the critical role of women and African Americans in the struggle for emancipation during a tumultuous period in American history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in 1849, but rather than seeking personal safety, she returned to help others escape, making at least 13 missions on the Underground Railroad.
2. She was known as 'Moses' because she led her people to freedom, and she carried a revolver to protect herself and those she helped.
3. In addition to her work with the Underground Railroad, Tubman served as a spy and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War, proving women could take active roles in wartime efforts.
4. Tubman’s activism continued after the war; she fought for women's suffrage and remained a lifelong advocate for civil rights.
5. Tubman is celebrated today as a national hero and was the first woman to lead an armed expedition in the Civil War, specifically the Combahee River Raid which liberated over 700 enslaved people.

Review Questions

• How did Harriet Tubman's actions contribute to the abolitionist movement and shape perceptions of women’s roles during this period?
  • Harriet Tubman's fearless efforts to lead enslaved people to freedom played a crucial role in advancing the abolitionist movement. By risking her life repeatedly, she demonstrated that women could be courageous leaders and effective agents of change. Her leadership in the Underground Railroad not only helped countless individuals escape slavery but also challenged traditional gender norms, inspiring other women to participate actively in social justice efforts.
• Discuss how Harriet Tubman's contributions as a nurse and spy during the Civil War reflect the broader involvement of African Americans in the conflict.
  • Harriet Tubman's service as a nurse and spy during the Civil War illustrates the significant roles that African Americans played in both supporting the Union war effort and seeking their own emancipation. Tubman's work helped improve medical care for soldiers while her intelligence gathering contributed strategically to military campaigns. This involvement highlighted the importance of African Americans in shaping the outcome of the war and emphasized their fight for freedom beyond just escaping slavery.
• Evaluate Harriet Tubman’s legacy in terms of her impact on civil rights movements that followed her time.
  • Harriet Tubman's legacy is profound as she not only contributed directly to the abolition of slavery but also laid foundational principles for future civil rights movements. Her courage and commitment to justice inspired generations of activists who continued the fight for equality. The values of selflessness, bravery, and unwavering dedication to justice that she exemplified resonate strongly within contemporary movements advocating for social change, making her a symbol of resilience and hope across various struggles for rights.

Related terms

Underground Railroad: A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to free states and Canada, aided by abolitionists like Tubman.

Abolitionism: The movement aimed at ending slavery, which gained momentum in the 19th century, with figures like Tubman playing a pivotal role.

Emancipation Proclamation: An executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory.