Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, emphasizing the artist's emotional expression over representational forms. This movement marked a significant shift in the art market, changing how art was perceived and commodified, influencing collector preferences and reshaping art criticism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism began in the United States after World War II and became a dominant force in modern art.
2. The movement is often associated with artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, who explored new methods of creating art.
3. This style broke away from traditional forms and techniques, favoring personal expression through bold colors and dynamic compositions.
4. The emergence of abstract expressionism shifted the art market's focus towards contemporary art and opened avenues for new collectors seeking fresh talent.
5. Art critics played a crucial role in promoting abstract expressionism, helping to elevate its status and influence market trends.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism alter the way art was viewed and commodified in the mid-20th century?
  • Abstract expressionism changed perceptions of art by prioritizing emotional expression over traditional representation, leading to a broader understanding of what could be considered 'art.' This shift allowed for greater acceptance of non-representational work, which transformed the art market into a space where spontaneity and personal style were valued. As collectors began to embrace these new concepts, abstract expressionism emerged as a driving force behind contemporary art sales.
• In what ways did collectors influence the market trends surrounding abstract expressionism during its rise?
  • Collectors played a pivotal role in shaping the market trends for abstract expressionism by actively seeking out works from prominent artists associated with the movement. Their willingness to invest in pieces that prioritized emotional depth over traditional aesthetics led to increased demand and higher prices. This enthusiasm not only validated the movement but also encouraged emerging artists to explore abstract forms, further expanding the market's diversity.
• Evaluate the impact of art criticism on the market value of abstract expressionist works during its emergence.
  • Art criticism significantly influenced the market value of abstract expressionist works by providing context and validation for this new form of artistic expression. Critics like Clement Greenberg championed these artists, arguing for their importance within the modern art narrative. As critics praised the emotional depth and innovative techniques used in abstract expressionism, it fostered a sense of urgency among collectors to acquire these works. This interplay between criticism and market dynamics not only elevated individual artists but also solidified abstract expressionism as a major movement within the contemporary art landscape.

Related terms

Action Painting: A style within abstract expressionism that emphasizes the physical act of painting, where the process and gesture are central to the artwork's meaning.

Color Field Painting: Another subset of abstract expressionism that focuses on large areas of color and simple forms, aiming to evoke emotional responses through color and scale.

New York School: A group of artists in New York City who were key figures in the abstract expressionism movement, known for their innovative techniques and emphasis on individual expression.