Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, emphasizing the act of painting itself. This movement focused on expressing emotions and ideas through abstract forms and dynamic compositions rather than representing the physical world, connecting deeply with concepts of individualism and existentialism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism developed primarily in New York City during the late 1940s and 1950s, marking a shift in the art world's center from Europe to America.
2. Key artists associated with this movement include Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, each contributing unique styles and philosophies to the collective identity of abstract expressionism.
3. The movement was influenced by earlier styles like surrealism and cubism but diverged by focusing more on the process of creation and the emotional impact of art rather than representational accuracy.
4. Many abstract expressionists were also influenced by existentialist philosophy, which emphasized individual experience and authenticity in a chaotic world, reflecting their personal struggles through their work.
5. The impact of abstract expressionism extended beyond art, influencing literature, music, and other cultural fields as it embodied a spirit of freedom and experimentation during a time of social upheaval.

Review Questions

• How did action painting differentiate itself from other painting styles within abstract expressionism?
  • Action painting is distinguished from other styles within abstract expressionism by its focus on the physical act of painting itself. Artists like Jackson Pollock utilized dynamic brushwork and spontaneous gestures to create works that capture energy and movement. This emphasis on process over product allowed action painters to express their emotions and ideas directly onto the canvas, making the act of creation an integral part of the artwork's meaning.
• In what ways did existentialist philosophy influence abstract expressionist artists in their work?
  • Existentialist philosophy significantly influenced abstract expressionist artists by promoting themes of individuality, authenticity, and personal struggle. These artists sought to convey their emotional experiences and inner turmoil through abstraction, reflecting a sense of isolation and anxiety in a post-war context. The desire to express one's subjective reality through art became a hallmark of this movement, as artists engaged deeply with their personal narratives and existential concerns.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art practices and how it has paved the way for future movements.
  • Abstract expressionism has had a profound impact on contemporary art practices by challenging traditional notions of representation and emphasizing the importance of individual expression. Its legacy can be seen in movements such as minimalism, conceptual art, and even street art, where artists explore personal narratives through innovative techniques. The freedom to experiment with materials and processes that began with abstract expressionism continues to inspire new generations of artists seeking to push boundaries and redefine artistic norms.

Related terms

Action painting: A style within abstract expressionism where paint is applied to the canvas in a vigorous and gestural manner, emphasizing the physical act of painting as part of the artwork's meaning.

Color field painting: A style associated with abstract expressionism that focuses on large areas of color and simple forms to evoke emotional responses, often creating an immersive experience for viewers.

Gestural abstraction: An approach within abstract expressionism that emphasizes the gesture of the artist's brushwork and physical movement, allowing the artwork to reflect spontaneous expression.