Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an influential art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. This movement emphasizes the act of painting itself as a form of expression, often showcasing vivid colors, bold brushwork, and abstract forms. It reflects the modernist quest for new ways of seeing and understanding art, breaking away from traditional representation and embracing individual emotional experiences.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism is often considered the first American art movement to gain international influence, emerging primarily in New York City after World War II.
2. The movement was shaped by a variety of influences including Surrealism, Jungian psychology, and the tumultuous political climate of its time.
3. Key figures in abstract expressionism include Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, each contributing unique styles and techniques.
4. The term 'abstract expressionism' was first used by art critic Robert Coates in 1946 to describe the new wave of artists who were creating non-traditional artworks.
5. This movement challenged viewers to engage emotionally with art, prioritizing personal expression over representational accuracy.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism reflect the broader changes in modern art during its emergence?
  • Abstract expressionism marked a shift away from traditional artistic techniques and subjects towards a focus on individual expression and emotional depth. This change reflected a broader modernist desire to break free from established norms and explore new forms of creativity. The movement's emphasis on spontaneous creation and abstraction resonated with other modernist trends, making it a crucial part of the evolution of contemporary art.
• Analyze the impact of post-World War II society on the development of abstract expressionism.
  • Post-World War II society played a significant role in shaping abstract expressionism as artists sought new ways to cope with the trauma and uncertainty of the era. The political climate influenced the themes and techniques used by artists, who embraced spontaneity and emotional intensity as responses to their experiences. The rise of New York City as an artistic center further solidified the movement's prominence, positioning it as a counterpoint to European artistic traditions.
• Evaluate the significance of key figures like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko in establishing abstract expressionism as a dominant art movement.
  • Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko were pivotal in establishing abstract expressionism's dominance by pushing the boundaries of what art could be. Pollock's innovative drip painting technique emphasized the act of creation as a central element of his work, while Rothko's color field paintings focused on emotional resonance through color. Their contributions not only defined the aesthetics of the movement but also influenced subsequent generations of artists, ensuring that abstract expressionism remained a foundational element in the narrative of modern art.

Related terms

Action Painting: A style within abstract expressionism where the physical act of painting is emphasized, often involving energetic brush strokes and drips of paint.

Color Field Painting: A sub-movement of abstract expressionism that focuses on large expanses of color applied to the canvas, creating a sense of depth and atmosphere.

Non-representational Art: Art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of visual reality, instead focusing on shapes, colors, and forms.