New Kingdom

Definition

The New Kingdom is a period in ancient Egyptian history that lasted from approximately 1550 to 1070 BCE, marking the height of Egypt's power and cultural achievement. This era is known for its impressive architectural advancements, expansion of the empire, and significant developments in art, religion, and society. It was during this time that women played essential roles, both as artists and in other influential positions within the cultural landscape of ancient Egypt.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The New Kingdom is often referred to as Egypt's golden age due to its wealth, power, and cultural achievements, including monumental architecture like temples and tombs.
2. During this period, Egypt expanded its territory through military campaigns into Nubia and the Levant, establishing itself as a dominant force in the region.
3. Women in the New Kingdom had various roles, with some achieving high status as royal wives or mothers of pharaohs, contributing to political power dynamics.
4. Art from the New Kingdom is characterized by more naturalistic representations compared to earlier periods, reflecting a shift in artistic style and cultural expression.
5. The period also saw significant developments in religion, with the rise of new deities and a focus on afterlife beliefs, influencing burial practices and monumental tomb constructions.

Review Questions

• How did women contribute to the cultural and political landscape of the New Kingdom?
  • Women during the New Kingdom played critical roles not only in domestic spheres but also in political and cultural realms. High-ranking women like Hatshepsut were able to become pharaohs and influence trade and foreign relations. Additionally, women engaged in artistic endeavors, contributing to the rich artistic heritage of the time. Their involvement highlighted a more complex view of gender roles within ancient Egyptian society.
• In what ways did the art and architecture of the New Kingdom differ from those of previous periods in ancient Egypt?
  • The art and architecture of the New Kingdom displayed significant evolution from earlier periods through a focus on realism and grandeur. Artists began to create more lifelike sculptures and paintings that captured natural poses rather than stiffly idealized forms. Architecturally, this period saw the construction of massive temples dedicated to various gods, showcasing advanced building techniques. These changes reflect not only advancements in skill but also shifts in religious beliefs and societal values.
• Evaluate how military expansion during the New Kingdom impacted Egyptian society and culture.
  • Military expansion during the New Kingdom greatly influenced Egyptian society and culture by enhancing wealth through conquests that secured resources and trade routes. This newfound prosperity allowed for an explosion of artistic production and architectural projects, which were often commissioned by pharaohs celebrating their victories. However, it also led to increased complexity within social structures as diverse populations were integrated into Egyptian society. The blending of cultures resulted in new artistic styles and practices that enriched Egyptian heritage while also introducing challenges related to governance and cultural assimilation.

Related terms

Pharaoh: The title used for ancient Egyptian rulers, considered both political and religious leaders, who were believed to be divine and responsible for maintaining order in the universe.

Hatshepsut: One of the few female pharaohs of ancient Egypt, known for her successful reign during the New Kingdom, where she promoted trade and commissioned impressive building projects.

Artisan: Skilled craftspersons who played a crucial role in creating art, architecture, and everyday objects during the New Kingdom, often working in specialized workshops.