Fundamentalism

Definition

Fundamentalism is a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines typically in reaction against modernity, secularism, or liberal interpretations of religion. This movement seeks to return to what its adherents view as the foundational beliefs of their faith, often emphasizing literal interpretations of sacred texts. Fundamentalism can manifest across various religions and often involves a strong sense of identity and community among its followers, as well as opposition to outside influences and differing beliefs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fundamentalism can arise in various religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, each with its own specific doctrines and historical contexts.
2. It often emerges in response to perceived threats from modernity, globalization, or cultural changes that challenge traditional values.
3. Fundamentalists typically advocate for a return to 'true' beliefs and practices, seeking to eliminate perceived corruptions or innovations in their faith.
4. The rise of fundamentalism can lead to social movements that seek to influence politics and society, advocating for laws that align with their interpretation of religious principles.
5. Fundamentalist groups can sometimes engage in discriminatory practices against those who hold differing beliefs, leading to broader discussions about religious discrimination and tolerance.

Review Questions

• How does fundamentalism manifest across different religions and what common characteristics can be observed?
  • Fundamentalism appears in various religious traditions such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, sharing core characteristics like strict adherence to sacred texts and a desire to return to foundational beliefs. Common traits include a literal interpretation of scriptures and a strong opposition to modernity or secular views. This often creates insular communities that reject outside influences while reinforcing their identity through shared beliefs and practices.
• In what ways does fundamentalism challenge religious pluralism within societies?
  • Fundamentalism poses significant challenges to religious pluralism by promoting exclusive truths that conflict with the coexistence of diverse beliefs. Fundamentalists often view other faiths or interpretations as incorrect or even threatening, which can lead to tensions or outright hostility between different religious groups. This exclusivity can undermine social cohesion and contribute to discrimination against individuals who do not adhere to the fundamentalist viewpoint.
• Evaluate the impact of fundamentalism on social change and its relationship with issues of race and gender.
  • Fundamentalism impacts social change by resisting progressive movements that promote equality in areas such as race and gender. Fundamentalist ideologies may reinforce traditional roles that limit women's rights or promote racial superiority based on misinterpretations of religious texts. This resistance can create barriers to social progress, leading to conflicts between fundamentalist groups advocating for a return to conservative values and broader movements pushing for inclusion and equality in society.

Related terms

Literalism: The interpretation of texts, especially religious scriptures, in a literal sense without consideration for metaphorical meanings or cultural context.

Religious Pluralism: The acceptance and coexistence of diverse religious beliefs and practices within a society, which can sometimes conflict with fundamentalist views.

Sectarianism: The division of groups within a religion based on differing beliefs or practices, often leading to conflict, which can be intensified by fundamentalist ideologies.