Flying buttress

Definition

A flying buttress is an architectural element that consists of an exterior support structure, typically arched, which helps to distribute the weight of a building's roof and walls while allowing for larger windows and taller structures. This innovation played a crucial role in the development of Gothic architecture, enabling the creation of expansive cathedrals with soaring ceilings and intricate stained glass windows.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Flying buttresses are essential in supporting the high walls and roofs of Gothic cathedrals, allowing them to rise higher than previous architectural styles.
2. They enable larger stained glass windows by transferring the load of the roof away from the walls, resulting in lighter and brighter interiors.
3. The design of flying buttresses allowed for greater flexibility in architectural design, giving rise to more complex structures with varied layouts.
4. The use of flying buttresses marked a departure from Romanesque architecture, which relied on thick walls for support rather than external structures.
5. Some of the most famous examples of flying buttresses can be found in Gothic cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris and Chartres Cathedral.

Review Questions

• How did flying buttresses contribute to the overall structural integrity of Gothic cathedrals?
  • Flying buttresses contributed significantly to the structural integrity of Gothic cathedrals by redistributing the weight of heavy stone roofs and high walls. This innovative design allowed builders to construct taller buildings without the risk of collapse due to lateral forces. By transferring the weight to external supports, architects could create larger windows and open up interior spaces, resulting in grander and more visually striking structures.
• Discuss the impact of flying buttresses on the design elements of Gothic architecture, particularly concerning windows and lighting.
  • The introduction of flying buttresses had a profound impact on Gothic architecture, particularly in terms of window design and natural lighting. With the support provided by flying buttresses, architects could incorporate larger stained glass windows into their designs. These expansive windows not only illuminated interiors with colorful light but also allowed for intricate artwork that conveyed religious narratives. As a result, churches became not just places of worship but also grand artistic statements.
• Evaluate the significance of flying buttresses in distinguishing Gothic architecture from earlier styles such as Romanesque architecture.
  • Flying buttresses are significant in distinguishing Gothic architecture from earlier styles like Romanesque due to their role in creating a sense of verticality and openness. While Romanesque buildings relied on thick walls for support, limiting window size and height, flying buttresses allowed Gothic architects to push boundaries by creating soaring heights and expansive interiors filled with light. This shift not only changed the aesthetic experience within these structures but also represented a broader cultural movement towards spirituality expressed through art and architecture during the Middle Ages.

Related terms

Gothic architecture: A style of architecture that originated in France during the 12th century and flourished in Europe until the 16th century, characterized by features such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

Pointed arch: An architectural feature common in Gothic buildings, shaped like a pointed arch that helps distribute weight more effectively than round arches.

Cathedral: A large and significant church, particularly one that serves as the seat of a bishop, often featuring elaborate architectural designs, including flying buttresses.