Flying buttress

Definition

A flying buttress is an architectural feature that supports a building's walls by transferring the weight of the roof and upper walls away from the structure and onto an external support. This innovative design allows for taller buildings with thinner walls and larger windows, which are hallmarks of Gothic architecture. It played a critical role in enabling the grand scale and intricate designs seen in many Gothic cathedrals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Flying buttresses were first introduced in the 12th century, with notable examples appearing in the construction of cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris.
2. These structures allowed architects to build taller and more luminous interiors by permitting the inclusion of large stained glass windows.
3. Flying buttresses function by distributing the weight of the roof and upper walls outward and downward to external supports, reducing the risk of wall collapse.
4. This architectural innovation was crucial for the development of Gothic style, enabling not only larger buildings but also more intricate designs with elaborate ornamentation.
5. The use of flying buttresses contributed to the iconic silhouette of Gothic cathedrals, showcasing both functionality and aesthetic appeal.

Review Questions

• How did flying buttresses revolutionize the design and construction of Gothic cathedrals?
  • Flying buttresses transformed Gothic cathedral design by allowing for taller structures with thinner walls. They supported the weight of heavy roofs and allowed for larger windows, which brought more light into the interiors. This innovation not only increased the height and scale of cathedrals but also facilitated intricate decorative features, which became characteristic of the Gothic style.
• Discuss the relationship between flying buttresses and other key elements of Gothic architecture, such as pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
  • Flying buttresses work in conjunction with pointed arches and ribbed vaults to create a cohesive Gothic architectural system. While flying buttresses provide external support, pointed arches distribute weight more efficiently within the structure. Ribbed vaults allow for the creation of complex ceiling designs that are both structurally sound and visually striking. Together, these elements enable architects to push boundaries in height and complexity while maintaining stability.
• Evaluate how flying buttresses reflect the cultural and religious aspirations of medieval society during the construction of Gothic cathedrals.
  • Flying buttresses symbolize the cultural and religious aspirations of medieval society by embodying the desire to reach towards the heavens through architecture. They allowed for grander cathedrals that served as both places of worship and representations of divine aspiration. The ability to incorporate vast stained glass windows enhanced spiritual experiences by illuminating interiors with divine light, thus reflecting the era's reverence for God and an aspiration for a connection with the divine through monumental architecture.

Related terms

Gothic Architecture: A style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

Cathedral: A large and important church that serves as the central church of a diocese, often featuring grand architectural elements such as flying buttresses.

Pointed Arch: An architectural element used in Gothic architecture that allows for greater height and stability, often seen in doorways and windows.