Ethnic nationalism

Definition

Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism where the nation is defined in terms of shared ethnicity, culture, language, and common ancestry, often prioritizing the interests and identity of a specific ethnic group. This type of nationalism can lead to strong feelings of belonging among members of the ethnic group but may also result in exclusion or discrimination against those outside the group.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ethnic nationalism often arises in contexts where distinct ethnic groups feel marginalized or oppressed by dominant political entities.
2. The rise of ethnic nationalism can complicate nation-building processes, especially in post-colonial states that struggle to unify diverse ethnic communities.
3. Ethnic nationalism has played a significant role in various historical conflicts, including the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, which was driven by ethnic tensions.
4. In contrast to civic nationalism, which emphasizes individual rights and shared citizenship, ethnic nationalism can lead to a sense of exclusivity and division among different groups within a society.
5. While ethnic nationalism can foster a strong sense of community and belonging for its members, it often raises concerns about xenophobia and intolerance towards other ethnicities.

Review Questions

• How does ethnic nationalism differ from civic nationalism in terms of identity formation and community inclusion?
  • Ethnic nationalism focuses on identity formation based on shared ethnicity, culture, and language, which can create strong bonds among members of the same ethnic group. In contrast, civic nationalism emphasizes inclusivity based on shared values and citizenship regardless of ethnicity. This fundamental difference can lead to varying degrees of community inclusion; while civic nationalism encourages a more diverse and unified society, ethnic nationalism may foster exclusionary practices that prioritize one group's identity over others.
• Evaluate the impact of ethnic nationalism on nation-building efforts in post-colonial states.
  • Ethnic nationalism poses significant challenges to nation-building in post-colonial states as it often highlights existing divisions among various ethnic groups. These divisions can lead to conflict, undermining efforts to create a cohesive national identity. Moreover, if one ethnic group dominates political power, it may marginalize others, resulting in instability and unrest. Therefore, addressing ethnic grievances while fostering an inclusive national identity is crucial for successful nation-building.
• Analyze the consequences of ethnic nationalism in contemporary debates regarding citizenship and national identity.
  • Ethnic nationalism has profound implications for contemporary discussions about citizenship and national identity, especially as globalization increases migration and cultural diversity. In many nations, there are tensions between the desire to maintain an ethnically defined national identity and the need to recognize the rights and identities of minority groups. These debates often center around issues like immigration policy, integration strategies, and multiculturalism. Ethnic nationalism can lead to restrictive citizenship laws that favor certain groups over others, raising ethical questions about equality and human rights in increasingly pluralistic societies.

Related terms

Civic Nationalism: A form of nationalism that defines the nation based on shared values and citizenship rather than ethnicity or culture.

Self-determination: The right of a group to determine its own political status and pursue its own economic, social, and cultural development.

Chauvinism: An exaggerated and aggressive form of nationalism that often places one's own ethnic group above others, leading to hostility and discrimination.