Ethnic nationalism

Definition

Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism where the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity, emphasizing the shared characteristics of a particular ethnic group, such as language, culture, and history. This type of nationalism often seeks to create a state or promote the interests of a specific ethnic group, sometimes leading to conflicts with other groups that do not share the same identity. Ethnic nationalism can drive movements for self-determination and independence while simultaneously igniting tensions and conflicts between different ethnic communities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ethnic nationalism can lead to the formation of new nation-states when ethnic groups seek independence from larger political entities.
2. In many cases, ethnic nationalism has been a driving force behind violent conflicts and civil wars, as groups fight for recognition and rights.
3. Countries with diverse populations often face challenges related to ethnic nationalism, as competing national identities can create friction within society.
4. The collapse of empires, such as the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires, led to a resurgence in ethnic nationalism as various groups sought autonomy.
5. Ethnic nationalism can manifest in various ways, including political movements, cultural revitalization efforts, and calls for territorial claims.

Review Questions

• How does ethnic nationalism differ from civic nationalism in terms of defining the nation?
  • Ethnic nationalism focuses on shared characteristics like ethnicity, culture, and language to define a nation, whereas civic nationalism is based on shared values and citizenship regardless of ethnic background. This distinction highlights the potential for exclusion in ethnic nationalism, where those who do not belong to the specific ethnic group may feel marginalized or oppressed. In contrast, civic nationalism promotes inclusivity and a sense of belonging among diverse populations within a nation.
• Discuss the impact of ethnic nationalism on global conflicts in the last century.
  • Ethnic nationalism has played a significant role in shaping global conflicts throughout the last century. Many wars and violent clashes have erupted due to the pursuit of self-determination by ethnic groups within multi-ethnic states. For example, the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s led to brutal conflicts fueled by ethnic nationalism as different groups sought independence and dominance. Such conflicts highlight how deeply rooted ethnic identities can drive wedges between communities and lead to devastating consequences.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of ethnic nationalism on state sovereignty and international relations in today's world.
  • The rise of ethnic nationalism poses complex challenges for state sovereignty and international relations. As more ethnic groups push for autonomy or independence, existing states face pressures that can lead to instability and fragmentation. This trend may result in increased conflicts over borders and resources while complicating diplomatic efforts to maintain peace. Additionally, ethnic nationalism often intersects with global issues like migration and refugee crises, further complicating how states interact with one another. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing contemporary global challenges effectively.

Related terms

national identity: The sense of belonging to a nation and the shared characteristics that define a group, often influenced by culture, language, and history.

ethnic conflict: Disputes and violence that arise between different ethnic groups, often fueled by competition for resources, political power, or cultural recognition.

self-determination: The right of a group to determine its own political status and pursue its economic, social, and cultural development.