Expectancy violations theory

Definition

Expectancy violations theory is a communication theory that explores how individuals respond to unexpected behavior from others, especially in interpersonal interactions. This theory highlights the importance of personal space and social norms, positing that when someone violates these expectations, it can lead to positive or negative perceptions of the violator based on factors such as relationship closeness and context. The theory helps explain how people navigate personal interactions and the implications of violating established social expectations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Expectancy violations theory was developed by Judee K. Burgoon in the 1970s and has since evolved to encompass various aspects of interpersonal communication.
2. The theory suggests that a person's response to a violation depends on their perception of the violator's intent and the nature of their relationship with that person.
3. Positive violations occur when unexpected behavior leads to favorable outcomes, such as increased attraction or deeper connection, while negative violations can result in discomfort or conflict.
4. Expectancy violations can vary significantly across different cultures, as cultural norms dictate what is considered acceptable behavior in interpersonal interactions.
5. The theory emphasizes the role of context in determining how individuals interpret and react to violations, suggesting that situational factors heavily influence perceptions.

Review Questions

• How does expectancy violations theory explain the role of personal relationships in interpreting unexpected behaviors?
  • Expectancy violations theory explains that the interpretation of unexpected behaviors largely hinges on the nature of personal relationships. When a close friend violates an expectation, individuals may view the action positively due to their existing bond and context. In contrast, if a stranger commits a similar violation, it could be perceived negatively because there is no established trust or familiarity, highlighting how relational closeness impacts reactions to expectancy violations.
• Discuss the cultural considerations that affect expectancy violations and how they shape interpersonal communication.
  • Cultural considerations play a significant role in expectancy violations by influencing what behaviors are deemed acceptable or inappropriate. Different cultures have varying norms regarding personal space, nonverbal communication, and social interactions. For instance, while a close physical proximity may be welcomed in one culture as a sign of warmth, it might be perceived as intrusive in another. These differences shape how individuals interpret violations and respond to unexpected behaviors in intercultural interactions.
• Evaluate the impact of context on expectancy violations theory and its implications for effective communication strategies.
  • The context within which interactions occur is crucial in expectancy violations theory because it determines how behaviors are interpreted. Factors such as setting, relationship dynamics, and situational variables influence whether a violation is seen positively or negatively. Understanding these contextual elements allows individuals to tailor their communication strategies effectively; for example, adapting personal space expectations during formal events versus casual gatherings can enhance relational dynamics and foster positive interactions.

Related terms

Proxemics: The study of personal space and how distance between individuals affects communication and interaction.

Nonverbal Communication: The transmission of messages or signals through nonverbal means, such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

Social Norms: The unwritten rules that govern behavior in social contexts, influencing how individuals interact with one another.