Expectancy Violations Theory

Definition

Expectancy Violations Theory is a communication theory that explores how individuals react to unexpected behaviors of others, particularly in the realm of nonverbal communication and body language. It suggests that when someone's behavior deviates from what is expected, it can lead to either positive or negative interpretations based on the context and relationship between the individuals involved. This theory emphasizes the importance of expectations in interpersonal interactions and how they shape our perceptions and responses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Expectancy Violations Theory was developed by Judee K. Burgoon in the 1970s to explain how people interpret unexpected behaviors in communication.
2. The theory posits that individuals have established expectations regarding appropriate behaviors based on cultural norms, context, and past experiences.
3. When someone violates these expectations, the response can vary; a positive violation can lead to increased attraction, while a negative violation may cause discomfort or rejection.
4. Context plays a crucial role in determining whether a violation is perceived positively or negatively; for example, close friends may respond differently to an unexpected touch than acquaintances would.
5. Expectancy Violations Theory highlights that understanding the balance between expected and unexpected behavior is essential for effective communication and relationship management.

Review Questions

• How does Expectancy Violations Theory explain the impact of unexpected behaviors in different interpersonal contexts?
  • Expectancy Violations Theory illustrates that unexpected behaviors can have varying impacts depending on the interpersonal context and existing relationship between individuals. For instance, a close friend may interpret an unexpected compliment as a positive violation that enhances their bond, while a stranger might view the same compliment as intrusive. This theory emphasizes that our responses to deviations from expectations are influenced by our relationships and the surrounding context.
• Discuss the role of cultural norms in shaping expectations according to Expectancy Violations Theory.
  • Cultural norms play a significant role in shaping what is considered appropriate behavior within different social interactions. Expectancy Violations Theory suggests that these norms set the baseline for what individuals expect from each other in various situations. For example, different cultures have varying expectations regarding personal space, eye contact, and gestures, which can lead to misunderstandings when someone behaves outside those established norms. This underscores the importance of cultural awareness in interpreting behaviors correctly.
• Evaluate how Expectancy Violations Theory could be applied to improve communication skills in diverse settings.
  • Applying Expectancy Violations Theory can greatly enhance communication skills by making individuals more aware of their own expectations and those of others. By understanding how deviations from expected behavior can impact relationships, people can adjust their nonverbal cues to foster positive interactions, especially in diverse settings. For instance, being mindful of personal space across cultures or adapting one's body language based on situational cues can lead to more effective communication and stronger interpersonal connections.

Related terms

Nonverbal Communication: The transmission of messages or information without the use of words, including body language, facial expressions, gestures, and eye contact.

Proxemics: The study of personal space and how distance between individuals can influence communication and perceptions.

Interpersonal Relationship: A strong, deep, or close association or acquaintance between two or more people, which can influence how they interpret each other's behaviors.