Zoroastrianism

Definition

Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, founded by the prophet Zoroaster in ancient Persia around the 6th century BCE. It emphasizes the duality of good and evil, the importance of individual choice, and the concept of a cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda, the supreme god, and Angra Mainyu, the evil spirit. This belief system has significantly influenced various religions and philosophical ideas throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Zoroastrianism introduces the concept of free will, suggesting that individuals have the power to choose between good and evil.
2. The religion teaches that every person's actions have consequences in the afterlife, reinforcing moral behavior.
3. Fire is a central symbol in Zoroastrian worship, representing purity and the presence of Ahura Mazda.
4. Zoroastrianism has had a profound impact on other major religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, particularly in concepts of heaven, hell, and messianism.
5. The decline of Zoroastrianism began after the Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century, leading to a significant decrease in its followers.

Review Questions

• How does Zoroastrianism's concept of dualism reflect on moral decision-making for its followers?
  • Zoroastrianism's dualistic nature presents a clear distinction between good and evil through the figures of Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. This dualism encourages followers to recognize their choices in daily life as part of a larger cosmic struggle. By promoting the idea that each individual's actions contribute to either good or evil outcomes, it instills a sense of personal responsibility and moral awareness.
• Discuss how Zoroastrianism has influenced other religious traditions and philosophies throughout history.
  • Zoroastrianism has notably shaped several aspects of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Concepts such as an afterlife, judgment day, and the battle between good and evil found in these religions can trace roots back to Zoroastrian teachings. This exchange of ideas illustrates how ancient beliefs can evolve and permeate into newer faiths, showing the interconnectedness of religious development across cultures.
• Evaluate the reasons for the decline of Zoroastrianism post-Islamic conquest and its significance in understanding cultural transitions.
  • The decline of Zoroastrianism after the Islamic conquest of Persia was primarily due to forced conversions and sociopolitical changes that favored Islam over ancient beliefs. This transition is significant as it highlights how cultural shifts can lead to the disappearance or transformation of established religions. The dwindling number of Zoroastrians today serves as a reminder of historical changes in religious landscapes and how dominant cultures can shape spiritual practices.

Related terms

Ahura Mazda: The supreme god in Zoroastrianism, representing truth, light, and goodness.

Angra Mainyu: The evil spirit in Zoroastrianism who embodies chaos, lies, and darkness, opposing Ahura Mazda.

Avesta: The sacred texts of Zoroastrianism that contain hymns, rituals, and teachings attributed to Zoroaster.