Lactose intolerance

Definition

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder that occurs when the body lacks sufficient levels of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. When lactose is not properly digested, it can lead to uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Understanding lactose intolerance involves recognizing its impact on digestion and dietary choices, as well as the body's ability to absorb nutrients from dairy sources.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lactose intolerance affects a significant portion of the global population, with varying prevalence among different ethnic groups; for example, it is more common in people of East Asian descent than in those of Northern European descent.
2. Symptoms of lactose intolerance typically occur 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing foods or drinks and can vary in severity depending on the amount of lactose consumed.
3. There are varying degrees of lactose intolerance; some individuals may tolerate small amounts of lactose without symptoms, while others may react to even tiny amounts.
4. Diagnosis can be made through tests such as the hydrogen breath test or lactose tolerance test, which measure how well the body absorbs lactose.
5. Management of lactose intolerance often involves dietary changes, such as reducing or eliminating lactose-containing foods, using lactase supplements, or incorporating lactose-free dairy products into one's diet.

Review Questions

• How does the lack of lactase enzyme contribute to the symptoms experienced by individuals with lactose intolerance?
  • The absence or insufficient production of lactase means that lactose remains undigested in the gut. This undigested lactose ferments, leading to the production of gas and other byproducts, which can cause symptoms like bloating and diarrhea. The body's inability to properly break down lactose results in discomfort and gastrointestinal distress.
• Discuss how dietary management strategies for lactose intolerance can vary among individuals based on their symptoms and tolerance levels.
  • Dietary management for lactose intolerance often requires personalization based on individual tolerance levels. Some people may choose to completely eliminate all dairy products, while others might only reduce their intake or select low-lactose options. Additionally, some individuals may benefit from taking lactase enzyme supplements before consuming dairy. Understanding one’s own tolerance is key to creating a manageable diet that alleviates symptoms while still allowing for nutritional balance.
• Evaluate the role of probiotics in managing lactose intolerance and their potential impact on gut health.
  • Probiotics may play a significant role in managing lactose intolerance by improving overall gut health and potentially aiding in the digestion of lactose. Certain strains of probiotics can help break down lactose, making it easier for individuals with this condition to consume dairy products without experiencing severe symptoms. By enhancing gut flora balance, probiotics not only support lactose digestion but also contribute to better nutrient absorption and overall digestive health.

Related terms

Lactase: An enzyme produced in the small intestine that helps digest lactose into glucose and galactose for absorption.

Lactose: A sugar found in milk and dairy products that requires the enzyme lactase for proper digestion.

Probiotics: Live bacteria that can help improve gut health and may aid in the digestion of lactose in some individuals.