BCS theory, developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer in 1957, describes the phenomenon of superconductivity in materials at low temperatures. It explains how electron pairs, known as Cooper pairs, form and move through a lattice structure without scattering, leading to zero electrical resistance. This concept is crucial for understanding the behavior of superconductors and their interactions with phenomena such as the Meissner effect and the Fermi surface.
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