BCS theory

Definition

BCS theory is the fundamental theory explaining superconductivity in materials, formulated by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer. It describes how electron pairs (Cooper pairs) form and move through a lattice without resistance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. BCS theory was proposed in 1957 by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer.
2. The theory explains superconductivity as a result of electron pairing into Cooper pairs.
3. Cooper pairs move through the lattice without scattering, leading to zero electrical resistance.
4. BCS theory can only explain conventional superconductors, not high-temperature superconductors.
5. The energy gap in the electronic density of states at the Fermi surface is a key feature of BCS theory.

Review Questions

• Who are the scientists credited with formulating BCS theory?
• What role do Cooper pairs play in BCS theory?
• Why can't BCS theory explain high-temperature superconductors?

Related terms

Superconductivity: A phenomenon where a material exhibits zero electrical resistance below a certain critical temperature.

Cooper Pair: A bound pair of electrons with opposite spins and momenta that move together through a superconductor without resistance.

Critical Temperature: $T_c$, the temperature below which a material becomes superconducting.