Scientology

Definition

Scientology is a set of religious beliefs and practices created by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard in the early 1950s, which emphasizes self-knowledge and spiritual enlightenment through a process known as 'auditing.' This movement has gained attention for its controversial practices, organizational structure, and the significant focus it places on personal transformation and mental health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Scientology was officially founded in 1953 and has established numerous churches and missions around the world.
2. The Church of Scientology has been involved in various legal battles and controversies regarding its practices, tax-exempt status, and treatment of members.
3. Members of Scientology believe in the concept of 'engrams,' which are negative memories that affect an individual's mental health and are addressed through auditing.
4. The organization has a hierarchical structure, with various levels of spiritual advancement that members can achieve through training and courses.
5. Celebrities such as Tom Cruise and John Travolta have been vocal supporters of Scientology, contributing to its visibility and public perception.

Review Questions

• How does the practice of auditing in Scientology reflect the movement's emphasis on self-knowledge and personal transformation?
  • Auditing is central to Scientology as it provides a structured method for individuals to confront and resolve past traumas, which they believe obstruct personal growth. Through these counseling sessions with an auditor, members aim to achieve greater self-awareness and spiritual enlightenment. This focus on self-knowledge aligns with Scientology's broader goal of empowering individuals to understand their own mind and improve their mental well-being.
• Discuss the significance of L. Ron Hubbard's writings in shaping the beliefs and practices of Scientology.
  • L. Ron Hubbard's writings, particularly 'Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health,' are foundational to Scientology's beliefs and practices. These texts outline the principles of auditing and introduce concepts like Thetans and engrams, providing a framework for understanding human consciousness and spiritual existence. Hubbard's prolific output has not only shaped the doctrine but also established a distinct identity for Scientology within the landscape of new religious movements.
• Evaluate the role that controversy plays in the public perception and legal status of Scientology as a new religious movement.
  • Controversy has significantly influenced how Scientology is perceived by the public and how it operates legally. Legal battles concerning its tax-exempt status, allegations of abuse, and aggressive tactics against critics have drawn both scrutiny and support. These controversies can obscure the genuine beliefs of members while simultaneously highlighting the challenges faced by new religious movements in gaining acceptance within broader society. Understanding these dynamics is essential when assessing Scientology's place within contemporary spirituality.

Related terms

L. Ron Hubbard: The founder of Scientology, who developed its core beliefs and practices through his writings, including the book 'Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.'

Auditing: A central practice in Scientology where individuals engage in one-on-one counseling sessions with an auditor to address personal traumas and improve spiritual well-being.

Thetans: In Scientology, Thetans are considered the true spiritual essence of individuals, believed to be immortal beings who have lived through multiple past lives.