Jikji

Definition

Jikji is a notable Korean text, recognized as the world's oldest extant book printed with movable metal type, published in 1377. This significant work showcases the early use of movable type technology, which revolutionized printing and dissemination of knowledge, predating Gutenberg's press by nearly 80 years. Jikji highlights the advancements in printmaking and the cultural context of the time, especially in Korea's push towards literacy and education.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jikji was printed during the Goryeo Dynasty and serves as a key example of early Korean literature and philosophy.
2. The full title of Jikji is 'Jikji simche yojeol,' which translates to 'Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Teachings.'
3. The book consists of two volumes, with only the second volume surviving today, highlighting its historical significance despite its partial loss.
4. Jikji was recognized by UNESCO as a Memory of the World in 2001, emphasizing its importance in global cultural heritage.
5. The techniques used in printing Jikji influenced later developments in printmaking, not just in Korea but also in other regions of East Asia.

Review Questions

• How did Jikji demonstrate the advancements in printing technology during its time?
  • Jikji showcased advancements in printing technology by being the first book printed using movable metal type, a method that allowed for greater efficiency and flexibility compared to traditional woodblock printing. This innovation paved the way for widespread dissemination of knowledge and literature, reflecting a significant shift towards increased literacy and education in Korea. The ability to produce multiple copies of texts quickly revolutionized how information was shared and consumed.
• Discuss the cultural implications of Jikji's publication on Korean society during the Goryeo Dynasty.
  • The publication of Jikji during the Goryeo Dynasty had profound cultural implications for Korean society. By making Buddhist teachings accessible through print, it encouraged a wider engagement with spiritual literature, fostering an environment where education became more valued. This accessibility contributed to a growth in literacy rates among the population and promoted the spread of Buddhist philosophy and teachings throughout Korea.
• Evaluate the impact of Jikji on global printmaking practices compared to later developments such as Gutenberg's press.
  • Evaluating Jikji's impact on global printmaking practices reveals its pivotal role as a precursor to later developments like Gutenberg's press. While Gutenberg’s invention democratized access to information in Europe, Jikji had already laid foundational techniques that influenced not only Korean printmaking but also practices across East Asia. The existence of movable type in Korea prior to Gutenberg exemplifies parallel advancements in technology, challenging the notion that Europe was the sole innovator in printing methods during this period. This highlights the interconnected nature of cultural and technological advancements globally.

Related terms

Movable Type: A printing technology that uses individual letters or characters made of metal to create text, allowing for efficient and repeatable printing processes.

Gutenberg Press: The first mechanical printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, which used movable type and significantly advanced the spread of printed material in Europe.

Tripitaka Koreana: A comprehensive collection of Buddhist scriptures carved onto wooden blocks during the 13th century in Korea, representing an important aspect of Korean heritage and printmaking history.