Islamic Fundamentalism

Definition

Islamic fundamentalism is a movement within Islam that seeks to return to what its adherents consider the fundamental principles of the religion, often emphasizing a strict interpretation of Islamic texts and laws. This movement can manifest in various ways, including political activism and social conservatism, aimed at reshaping society according to Islamic beliefs. It plays a crucial role in shaping foreign policy and regional ambitions, especially in post-revolution Iran.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Islamic fundamentalism gained significant prominence after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which established a theocratic regime that sought to implement strict interpretations of Islamic law.
2. Iran's foreign policy under Islamic fundamentalist leadership has focused on exporting its revolutionary ideology to other Muslim-majority countries, influencing regional politics and movements.
3. The Iranian regime's support for various groups across the Middle East, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon and Shia militias in Iraq, reflects its ambition to extend its influence based on fundamentalist beliefs.
4. Islamic fundamentalism often opposes Western influences, viewing them as corrupting forces that undermine traditional Islamic values.
5. The rise of Islamic fundamentalism has been linked to socio-political factors, including economic hardship, political repression, and a desire for cultural identity among Muslim populations.

Review Questions

• How did the 1979 Iranian Revolution embody the principles of Islamic fundamentalism, and what changes did it bring to Iran's governance?
  • The 1979 Iranian Revolution was a pivotal moment for Islamic fundamentalism as it led to the establishment of a theocratic regime that sought to implement strict Sharia law. This shift transformed Iran's governance by removing the secular monarchy and replacing it with a system where religious leaders held ultimate authority. The revolution was framed as a return to true Islamic values, reflecting the fundamentalist desire for a society governed by Islamic principles.
• Evaluate how Iran's post-revolution foreign policy has been influenced by Islamic fundamentalism in relation to its regional ambitions.
  • Iran's post-revolution foreign policy has been heavily influenced by Islamic fundamentalism, which prioritizes the export of its revolutionary ideals across the region. This has manifested in support for various militant groups that align with Iran’s Shia interpretation of Islam, thereby seeking to create a network of influence in predominantly Sunni regions. The Iranian leadership views these actions as vital to establishing a greater Shia presence and countering Western hegemony in the Middle East.
• Analyze the implications of Iran's Islamic fundamentalist ideology on its relationships with neighboring countries and global powers.
  • Iran's commitment to Islamic fundamentalism significantly impacts its relationships with neighboring countries and global powers. The ideological divide fosters tension with Sunni-majority states like Saudi Arabia, as both nations vie for influence over the Muslim world. Furthermore, Iran’s defiance against Western powers, particularly through its nuclear ambitions and support for proxy groups, creates friction in international relations. These dynamics underscore how Iran’s fundamentalist ideology shapes both regional alliances and broader geopolitical strategies.

Related terms

Sharia Law: The legal system derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing both personal and public aspects of life in Islamic societies.

Islamism: A political ideology that seeks to implement Islamic principles in government and society, often advocating for a political system based on Islamic law.

Theocracy: A system of government in which priests or religious leaders control the government, often claiming to rule on behalf of a deity.