Islamic Fundamentalism

Definition

Islamic fundamentalism refers to a movement within Islam that seeks to return to what its followers perceive as the fundamental principles of the faith, often emphasizing strict adherence to religious texts and traditional interpretations. This ideology gained prominence during the late 20th century, particularly in response to Western influence and intervention in Muslim-majority countries, impacting global politics significantly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 catalyzed Islamic fundamentalist movements as various groups resisted foreign intervention and sought to establish an Islamic state.
2. The Mujahideen, a group of Afghan fighters, received support from the United States and other countries during the Soviet-Afghan War, as they were seen as fighting against communism under the banner of Islamic fundamentalism.
3. Islamic fundamentalism was characterized by a rejection of Western values and modernization, often leading to a rise in conservative interpretations of Islam in various regions.
4. The Iranian Revolution in 1979 was a significant event in the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, demonstrating how political Islam could successfully challenge existing regimes.
5. The aftermath of the Cold War saw an increase in Islamic fundamentalist groups gaining power in various countries, which often led to conflicts with secular governments.

Review Questions

• How did the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan influence the rise of Islamic fundamentalism?
  • The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan created a significant rallying point for Islamic fundamentalism as various groups united to resist foreign occupation. This conflict attracted fighters from across the Muslim world who were inspired by jihadist ideology. The U.S. support for the Mujahideen not only militarized these groups but also solidified their belief that they were fighting a holy war against communism and foreign interference, thus amplifying the global reach of Islamic fundamentalist movements.
• Discuss the role of external support in strengthening Islamic fundamentalist movements during the Cold War.
  • During the Cold War, external support from superpowers like the United States helped strengthen Islamic fundamentalist movements. The U.S. provided funding, weapons, and training to Afghan Mujahideen fighters as part of its strategy to counter Soviet influence. This backing not only bolstered their military capabilities but also legitimized their cause on an international scale. The experience gained during this conflict laid the groundwork for future Islamist movements across various regions.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of Islamic fundamentalism that emerged during the Cold War on contemporary global politics.
  • The emergence of Islamic fundamentalism during the Cold War has had lasting impacts on contemporary global politics, leading to ongoing conflicts and tensions in various regions. Groups that gained prominence during this time have evolved into significant political forces, shaping domestic policies and international relations. The rise of radical factions has contributed to instability and violence, often complicating diplomatic efforts. Additionally, this ideological struggle has influenced perceptions of Islam in global contexts, leading to widespread debates around terrorism, security, and cultural identity.

Related terms

Jihad: A term that means 'struggle' or 'striving' in Arabic, often associated with the duty of Muslims to defend their faith, which can include both personal spiritual growth and militant actions.

Sharia: Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing various aspects of life for Muslims, including legal, moral, and social practices.

Islamism: A political ideology that seeks to implement Islamic law and governance within the public sphere, often advocating for the integration of Islam into political life.