Non-sulfonylurea biguanides

Definition

Non-sulfonylurea biguanides are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that primarily reduce hepatic glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity. Metformin is the most widely used drug in this category.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed non-sulfonylurea biguanide.
2. These drugs do not stimulate insulin secretion, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
3. They work by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissues.
4. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and diarrhea.
5. Metformin is often used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for non-sulfonylurea biguanides?
• Why do non-sulfonylurea biguanides have a lower risk of causing hypoglycemia compared to sulfonylureas?
• What are common side effects associated with metformin?

Related terms

Sulfonylureas:

A class of antidiabetic drugs that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Insulin Sensitizers: Drugs that improve the body’s response to insulin, including biguanides and thiazolidinediones.

Thiazolidinediones:

Another class of oral antidiabetic drugs that improve insulin sensitivity but work through different mechanisms than biguanides.