Thiazolidinediones

Definition

Thiazolidinediones are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. They are primarily used to treat Type 2 diabetes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thiazolidinediones activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), which regulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes.
2. Common examples include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.
3. These drugs can cause weight gain and fluid retention, increasing the risk of heart failure in some patients.
4. They are contraindicated in patients with severe heart failure or active liver disease.
5. Routine monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended due to potential hepatotoxicity.

Review Questions

• What receptor do thiazolidinediones activate to improve insulin sensitivity?
• Name two common thiazolidinediones used in clinical practice.
• Why should thiazolidinediones be used cautiously in patients with heart conditions?

Related terms

Pioglitazone:

A thiazolidinedione used to manage blood glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes.

Rosiglitazone:

Another thiazolidinedione known for its role in improving insulin sensitivity but associated with cardiovascular risks.

Metformin:

An oral antidiabetic drug that reduces hepatic glucose production and improves peripheral glucose uptake.