Fluoroquinolones

Definition

Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. They are commonly used to treat respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and skin infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fluoroquinolones are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2. Common fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
3. They can cause side effects such as tendonitis and potential tendon rupture.
4. Fluoroquinolones should be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures due to their neurotoxic potential.
5. Overuse has led to increasing bacterial resistance against fluoroquinolones.

Review Questions

• What types of infections are fluoroquinolones typically used to treat?
• Name three commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones.
• What serious side effect is associated with the use of fluoroquinolones?

Related terms

Antibiotic: A substance that inhibits or kills bacteria to treat infections.

DNA Gyrase: An enzyme targeted by fluoroquinolones that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.

Bacterial Resistance: The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic they were once sensitive to.