Fluoroquinolones

Definition

Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication. They are used to treat various bacterial infections including those of the respiratory, urogenital, and digestive systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fluoroquinolones target both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2. Common side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort and potential tendon damage.
3. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are among the widely used fluoroquinolones.
4. They can be administered orally or intravenously depending on the severity of the infection.
5. Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones occurs through mutations in DNA gyrase or efflux pump mechanisms.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones?
• Name two common fluoroquinolones used in clinical practice.
• What are some potential side effects associated with fluoroquinolones?

Related terms

Antibiotics: Medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting bacterial growth.

DNA Gyrase: An enzyme targeted by fluoroquinolones that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, facilitating replication.

Efflux Pumps: Bacterial proteins that expel antibiotics out of cells, contributing to antibiotic resistance.