Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Definition

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are oral antidiabetic drugs that help manage blood sugar levels by slowing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine. They are particularly effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include drugs like acarbose and miglitol.
2. They work by inhibiting the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, which breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
3. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.
4. These drugs are often used in combination with other antidiabetic medications for better glycemic control.
5. They are taken orally at the start of a meal to maximize their effectiveness.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
• Name two common alpha-glucosidase inhibitors used in clinical practice.
• What are some common side effects associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Related terms

Sulfonylureas:

Oral antidiabetic drugs that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.

Biguanides:

A class of oral antidiabetic drugs that reduce glucose production by the liver; metformin is a common example.

Thiazolidinediones:

Oral antidiabetic medications that improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.