Respiratory distress syndrome

Definition

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition commonly seen in premature infants characterized by insufficient surfactant production in the lungs. This leads to difficulty breathing and inadequate oxygenation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 1. RDS is primarily caused by a lack of surfactant, which helps keep the air sacs in the lungs open.
2. 2. Proper nutrition, especially adequate levels of protein and fats, is crucial for lung development and surfactant production.
3. 3. Infants with RDS often require mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen to maintain proper oxygen levels.
4. 4. Antenatal corticosteroids can be administered to mothers at risk of preterm birth to accelerate lung maturity in the fetus.
5. 5. Nutritional support for infants with RDS includes ensuring sufficient calorie intake to meet increased metabolic demands due to respiratory effort.

Review Questions

• 1. What role does surfactant play in preventing Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
• 2. How can proper nutrition impact the management and prevention of RDS in premature infants?
• 3. Why might antenatal corticosteroids be used in cases where there is a risk of preterm birth?

Related terms

Surfactant: A substance produced in the lungs that reduces surface tension, helping keep alveoli open for effective gas exchange

Mechanical Ventilation: A medical procedure using a machine to assist or replace spontaneous breathing in patients with severe respiratory distress

Antenatal Corticosteroids: Medications given to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to accelerate fetal lung development and reduce the incidence of RDS