Respiratory distress syndrome

Definition

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a condition characterized by difficulty in breathing due to insufficient surfactant in the lungs. It is commonly seen in premature infants whose lungs have not fully developed.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RDS primarily affects premature infants born before 37 weeks of gestation.
2. Surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse.
3. Symptoms of RDS include rapid, shallow breathing, grunting sounds, and flaring nostrils.
4. Treatment often involves administering artificial surfactant and providing respiratory support through mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
5. Prevention strategies include administering corticosteroids to pregnant women at risk of preterm labor to accelerate fetal lung development.

Review Questions

• What role does surfactant play in the lungs?
• Why are premature infants more susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome?
• What are some common treatments for RDS?

Related terms

Surfactant: A lipoprotein complex that reduces surface tension within the alveoli.

Mechanical Ventilation: A method to assist or replace spontaneous breathing using a machine called a ventilator.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): A treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep the airways open, often used for patients with breathing problems.