Necrotizing enterocolitis

Definition

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease that primarily affects premature infants. It involves inflammation and bacterial invasion of the intestine, which can lead to intestinal tissue death.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. NEC is most common in preterm infants, particularly those with very low birth weight.
2. The exact cause of NEC is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of prematurity, formula feeding, and bacterial colonization.
3. Symptoms of NEC include abdominal distension, bloody stools, and feeding intolerance.
4. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical; treatments often involve stopping feedings, administering antibiotics, and sometimes surgery.
5. Nutritional management for NEC may include the use of breast milk or specialized formulas to reduce the risk.

Review Questions

• What population is most at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis?
• What are common symptoms associated with necrotizing enterocolitis?
• How does nutritional management play a role in the treatment and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Related terms

Premature Infants: Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation.

Enteral Feeding: Delivering nutrients directly into the digestive system via a tube.

Probiotics: Live bacteria that provide health benefits when consumed, often used to support gut health.