Necrotizing enterocolitis

Definition

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature infants, characterized by inflammation and bacterial invasion of the intestine. It can lead to devastating outcomes including bowel necrosis and systemic infection.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. NEC predominantly affects premature infants due to their underdeveloped immune systems and gut flora.
2. The exact cause of NEC is unknown, but factors like intestinal immaturity, abnormal bacterial colonization, and formula feeding are implicated.
3. Common symptoms include abdominal distension, bloody stools, vomiting, and lethargy.
4. Diagnosis often involves clinical assessment, radiographic imaging showing pneumatosis intestinalis (gas within the intestinal wall), and laboratory tests indicating systemic infection.
5. Treatment may include bowel rest, antibiotics, supportive care, and in severe cases, surgical intervention to remove necrotic bowel tissue.

Review Questions

• What population is most at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis?
• Identify three primary symptoms of NEC.
• What imaging finding is typically associated with a diagnosis of NEC?

Related terms

Pneumatosis Intestinalis: A condition where gas cysts are found in the wall of the intestines; commonly seen in NEC.

Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection that can lead to tissue damage and organ failure.

Bowel Necrosis: Death of bowel tissue due to lack of blood flow or severe infection; a critical concern in NEC.