Platinum

Definition

Platinum is a dense, malleable, and ductile precious metal known for its high resistance to corrosion and excellent catalytic properties. It is a member of the platinum group metals and is widely used in various industrial applications, jewelry, and electronics due to its rarity and value.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Platinum has a melting point of around 1,768 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
2. It is one of the rarest metals on Earth, with an abundance of only about 0.005 parts per million in the Earth's crust.
3. Platinum's resistance to oxidation and tarnishing makes it a preferred choice for fine jewelry and high-end watches.
4. In automotive catalytic converters, platinum helps convert harmful gases into less harmful emissions, playing a vital role in reducing pollution.
5. Platinum is also used in various laboratory equipment and electrical contacts due to its excellent conductivity and durability.

Review Questions

• How does platinum's unique properties make it advantageous in industrial applications?
  • Platinum's unique properties, such as its high melting point, malleability, and resistance to corrosion, make it highly advantageous in industrial applications. Its ability to withstand extreme conditions allows it to be used in catalytic converters for vehicles, where it helps convert toxic gases into less harmful emissions. Additionally, its durability ensures that equipment made from platinum can maintain functionality over time without degrading.
• Discuss the environmental significance of using platinum in catalytic converters within the automotive industry.
  • The environmental significance of using platinum in catalytic converters cannot be overstated. Platinum acts as a catalyst that facilitates chemical reactions to convert harmful emissions like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances. This process significantly reduces air pollution from vehicles, contributing to cleaner air quality and compliance with environmental regulations. The effectiveness of platinum-based catalysts helps address the growing concerns regarding climate change and air quality.
• Evaluate the economic implications of platinum's rarity on its market demand and applications across different industries.
  • The rarity of platinum has significant economic implications that influence its market demand and applications across various industries. As one of the rarest precious metals, platinum commands a high market price, which drives innovation in recycling methods and the search for substitutes in some applications. Its use in industries such as automotive, electronics, and jewelry remains strong due to its unique properties, but fluctuations in supply can lead to price volatility. Ultimately, the balance between demand for its exceptional qualities and its limited availability shapes the broader economic landscape surrounding this precious metal.

Related terms

Palladium: A precious metal that belongs to the platinum group, palladium is often used in catalytic converters and electronics due to its excellent catalytic properties.

Iridium: Another member of the platinum group, iridium is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in high-temperature applications and as a hardening agent for platinum.

Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed itself, often utilized in processes involving platinum for its effectiveness.