Platinum

Definition

Platinum is a dense, malleable, and ductile transition metal known for its excellent catalytic properties and resistance to corrosion. This metal is crucial in energy storage and conversion technologies, often used as a catalyst in fuel cells and other chemical reactions, enhancing efficiency and performance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Platinum is one of the most effective catalysts used in fuel cells, facilitating the conversion of hydrogen and oxygen into water while producing electricity.
2. It has a high melting point of 1,768 °C (3,214 °F), making it suitable for high-temperature applications in energy systems.
3. Platinum is highly resistant to oxidation and corrosion, which extends the lifespan of catalysts in various energy applications.
4. The use of platinum in catalytic converters helps reduce harmful emissions from vehicles by converting toxic gases into less harmful substances.
5. Due to its rarity and high demand in technology and jewelry, platinum is one of the most valuable metals in the world.

Review Questions

• How does platinum function as a catalyst in fuel cells, and why is it preferred over other metals?
  • Platinum acts as a catalyst in fuel cells by facilitating the reactions between hydrogen and oxygen, which generate electricity. Its unique electronic structure allows it to effectively lower the activation energy required for these reactions. Additionally, platinum's exceptional resistance to corrosion means it maintains its catalytic properties over time better than many other metals, making it a preferred choice despite its cost.
• Discuss the impact of platinum's physical properties on its application in energy conversion technologies.
  • Platinum's high melting point and excellent thermal stability allow it to function efficiently in high-temperature environments, such as those found in fuel cells and catalytic converters. Its malleability enables it to be shaped into thin films or other forms that optimize surface area for reactions. Moreover, its dense structure contributes to its durability, ensuring that platinum-based catalysts remain effective throughout their operational life.
• Evaluate the economic implications of platinum use in renewable energy technologies and how it affects global markets.
  • The reliance on platinum for renewable energy technologies like fuel cells has significant economic implications due to its scarcity and high value. As demand increases for cleaner energy solutions, the competition for platinum can lead to price volatility in global markets. This situation not only affects industries directly involved with platinum extraction but also influences broader economic trends as companies seek alternatives or ways to improve efficiency while reducing reliance on this precious metal.

Related terms

Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change itself.

Fuel Cell: An electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a reaction with an oxidizing agent.

Electrocatalysis: The acceleration of an electrochemical reaction by a catalyst, which is often vital in energy conversion processes like fuel cells.