Rat-bite fever

Definition

Rat-bite fever is an infectious disease caused by bacteria transmitted through the bite or scratch of a rodent or by ingesting food or water contaminated with rodent excreta. It is primarily caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Rat-bite fever can be caused by two types of bacteria: Streptobacillus moniliformis in North America and Spirillum minus in Asia.
2. Common symptoms include fever, rash, and polyarthritis, appearing 3-10 days after exposure.
3. The disease can progress to more serious conditions such as endocarditis, meningitis, and sepsis if untreated.
4. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood cultures or PCR testing of clinical samples.
5. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics like penicillin or doxycycline.

Review Questions

• What are the two main bacterial pathogens that cause rat-bite fever?
• Describe the main symptoms associated with rat-bite fever.
• How is rat-bite fever typically diagnosed and treated?

Related terms

Streptobacillus moniliformis: A gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium responsible for causing rat-bite fever in North America.

Spirillum minus: A gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium responsible for causing rat-bite fever in Asia.

Endocarditis: An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, which can be a complication of untreated rat-bite fever.