Parvovirus B19

Definition

Parvovirus B19 is a small, single-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects humans, causing erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and other clinical manifestations. It is known for its characteristic 'slapped cheek' rash in children.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Parvovirus B19 primarily targets erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, leading to temporary cessation of red blood cell production.
2. Transmission occurs mainly through respiratory droplets, but can also occur via blood transfusion and from mother to fetus.
3. In addition to the 'slapped cheek' rash, symptoms may include fever, arthralgia, and mild anemia.
4. Parvovirus B19 can cause severe complications in pregnant women (risk of hydrops fetalis) and immunocompromised individuals (chronic anemia).
5. Diagnosis is often confirmed through detection of B19-specific IgM antibodies or PCR to identify viral DNA.

Review Questions

• What type of cells does Parvovirus B19 primarily target?
• How is Parvovirus B19 most commonly transmitted?
• What are some possible complications of Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women?

Related terms

Erythema infectiosum: A childhood infection caused by Parvovirus B19, characterized by a 'slapped cheek' rash.

Hydrops fetalis: A serious fetal condition resulting from severe anemia, which can be caused by Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): A laboratory technique used to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences, including those of viruses like Parvovirus B19.