A Modest Proposal

Definition

A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729 that suggests a shocking solution to the problem of poverty in Ireland: the consumption of children by the wealthy. This work uses irony and hyperbole to criticize British policy towards the Irish and the lack of empathy among the upper classes, making it a significant piece of Enlightenment literature that reflects on reason and social issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Swift's essay was written during a time when Ireland faced severe economic hardships and British exploitation, making its critique of social indifference particularly poignant.
2. The proposal of eating children serves as an extreme form of satire to shock readers into recognizing the dire situation faced by the impoverished population of Ireland.
3. Swift's use of rational arguments in the essay mimics the style of serious policy proposals, which adds to the overall effectiveness and impact of his satire.
4. A Modest Proposal is often studied as an exemplary work of neoclassical literature, showcasing the era's emphasis on reason, wit, and restraint in writing.
5. The essay generated significant controversy upon its release, but it also played a crucial role in sparking discussions about poverty, class disparity, and government responsibility.

Review Questions

• How does Jonathan Swift utilize satire in A Modest Proposal to address social issues in Ireland?
  • In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift employs satire through his shocking suggestion of consuming children as a means to solve poverty. This extreme proposal serves to expose the indifference of the wealthy towards the suffering of the poor. By presenting this absurd solution with a rational tone, Swift forces readers to confront the reality of economic exploitation and governmental neglect, effectively highlighting the urgent need for reform.
• What role does irony play in enhancing the effectiveness of A Modest Proposal's message?
  • Irony is central to A Modest Proposal's effectiveness; Swift juxtaposes logical reasoning with an outrageous suggestion that starkly contrasts societal norms. This irony underscores the depth of the crisis faced by the Irish people while simultaneously critiquing those who turn a blind eye. By using irony, Swift amplifies his social commentary, compelling readers to reconsider their attitudes towards poverty and responsibility.
• Evaluate how A Modest Proposal reflects Enlightenment ideals and its impact on literature during the Restoration and Early Eighteenth Century.
  • A Modest Proposal embodies Enlightenment ideals through its emphasis on reasoned argumentation and rational thought while addressing pressing social issues. Swift’s ability to blend reason with biting satire not only highlights the failings of society but also encourages critical thinking among readers. Its impact on literature during this period is profound; it challenges writers to engage with social commentary using wit and restraint, paving the way for future satirical works that continue to influence how we confront societal injustices.

Related terms

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize or mock societal norms, individuals, or institutions.

Irony: A rhetorical device where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often used to highlight absurdities in a situation.

Social Commentary: The act of using rhetorical means to provide insight or critique on societal issues, often found in literature, art, and media.